Migration is a way to move from one place to another in order to live and work. Movement of people from their home to another city, state or country for a job, shelter or some other reasons is called migration.

The closure property means that a set is closed for some mathematical operation. For example, the set of even natural numbers, [2, 4, 6, 8, . . .],  is closed with respect to addition because the sum of any two of them is another even natural number, which is also a member of the set.

Potential resources are those whose entire quantity may not be known and these are not being used at present . Actual resources are those resources whose quantity is known. These resources are being used in the present. The uranium found in Ladakh is an example of potential resource that could be used in the future.

• Crop Variety Improvement:

Varieties or strains of crops can be selected by breeding for various useful characteristics such as disease resistance, response to fertilisers, product quality and high yields. Crop variety improvement is the manipulation of crop plants for increasing their yield and improving quality. Various approaches which are used for genetic improvement of crop plants are referred as plant breeding methods. These involve three processes:

(i) Introduction – This refers to the transportation of crop plants from the place of cultivation to the place where grown earlier.

(ii) Selection – This process involves the selection of most desirable offspring of a variety of plant for controlled propagation.

(iii) Hybridisation – It involves the crossing between genetically dissimilar plants to produce a new kind. Crossing may be between two different varieties (intervarietal cross - breeding) or between the two different species of the same genus (inter specific cross – breeding) and between different genera (intergeneric cross – breeding).

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Nobody is safe from this pollution, which comes from five main human sources. These sources spew out a range of substances including carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, ground-level ozone, particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, hydrocarbons, and lead–all of which are harmful to human health.

Cultivation is an agriculture practice, involving the production of food by preparing the land to grow crops on a large scale. Cultivation involves loosening and breaking up (tilling) of the soil. The soil around existing plants is cultivated (by hand using a hoe, or by machine using a cultivator) to destroy weeds and promote growth by increasing soil aeration and water infiltration.

Photosynthesis is a process by which phototrophs convert light energy into chemical energy, which is later is used to fuel cellular activities. The chemical energy is stored in the form of sugars, which are created from water and carbon dioxide.

6CO₂    +   6H₂O  —>  C₆H₁₂O₆  + 6O₂

The process by which green plants make their own food (like glucose) from carbon dioxide and water by using sunlight energy in the presence of chlorophyll is called photosynthesis.

6CO2 + 6H20 + (energy) → C6H12O6 + 6O2 

The excessive use of fertilisers is harmful due to the following reasons:

1. It changes the chemical nature of the soil and makes it less fertile.
2. The excessive use of fertilisers causes water pollution in ponds, lakes, rivers, etc.

Viruses are on the borderline between living and nonliving because they show the body properties when they inside the host body they show living properties and they considered as living because they have their own DNA and RNA .they have ability to reproduce when inside the host body. viruses show genetic recombination. they are nonliving because they have non cellular structure , undergo crystalization and completely inactive outside the host cell.

• A small amount of curd (starter) is added to milk
• Lactobacillus (present in curd) converts sugars in milk (Lactose) into lactic acid
• Lactic acid imparts sour taste to curd
• Increased acidity causes milk proteins (casein) to turn into solid masses. This changes the texture of curd.

-2/5 + 4/5 = (-2 +4)/5 = 2/5

After the death of Aurangzeb in the 18th century, the Bengal Nawabs began to assert their power and the conflicts between them and the East India Company were increased. They claimed that the East India Company was divesting the government of Bengal of huge amounts of revenue, writing disrespectful letters and degrading them. On the other hand, the company stated that the trade was getting ruined because of the unjust demands of local officials.

• It causes respiratory issues in animals and humans.
• When acid rain falls down and flows into the rivers and ponds it affects the aquatic ecosystem. As it alters the chemical composition of the water, to a form which is actually harmful to the aquatic ecosystem to survive and causes water pollution.
• Acid rain also causes the corrosion of water pipes. Which further results in leaching of heavy metals such as iron, lead and copper into drinking water.
• It damages the buildings and monuments made up of stones and metals.