The surface of the earth is uneven, some parts may be rugged and some flat. The earth has an immeasurable variety of landforms.

Landforms can be grouped based on the elevation and slope and they are:

• Mountains
• Plateaus
• Plains

The supreme court called the Apex court
It is the highest judicial forum and final court of appeal as established by Part V, Chapter IV of the Constitution of India.
The Supreme Court is meant to be the last resort and highest appellate court which takes up appeals against judgments of the High Courts of the states and territories.
Also, disputes between states or petitions involving a serious infringement of fundamental and human rights are usually brought directly to the Supreme Court.

Tata Steel Limited (formerly Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited (TISCO)) is an Indian multinational steel-making company headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, and a subsidiary of the Tata Group. It was the 11th largest steel producing company in the world in 2013,
Tata Iron and Steel Company was established by Dorabji Tata on 25 August 1907, as part of his father Jamsetji's Tata Group. By 1939 it operated the largest steel plant in the British Empire.
In 2013, Tata Steel was ranked India's 7th most admired company by Fortune magazine. It was India's most admired company in 2012.
On 12 February 2012 Tata Steel completed 100 years of steel making in India.

The lateral surface area is the area of all sides excluding the area of the base.
Total surface area of any solid is the sum of areas of all the faces of the solid.
TSA = Total surface are = LSA(Lateral surface area ) + Area of Top + Area of Bottom

  The innermost zone is the zone which is formed just around the wick of the candle flame as the candle burns.  It is also known as dark zone of the flame. It consists of hot, unburnt vapours of the combustible material. There is no air present here.  It is the least hot of all the zones.
The outermost zone also known as non-luminous zone is the zone of complete combustion. The ample presence of oxygen (or air) aids in complete combustion. It is the hottest zone of the candle flame and does not produce much light. It is blue in colour.
  The middle zone also known as luminous zone is the zone which is moderately hot with limited oxygen supply. Hence, the fuel vapours burn partially and produce carbon particles. These particles then leave the flame as smoke and soot. This zone is the major part of the flame. The colour of this zone is yellow.

FIR stands for First Information Report. The police have to file a FIR whenever a person gives information about a known offence. This information can be given to the police either orally or in writing. A FIR is necessary for the police to begin their investigations into a crime.
The FIR should mention the date, time and place of the offence, details about the offence, including a description of the events. The FIR should also state the name and address of the complainant.
There is a prescribed form in which the police register an FIR and it is signed by the complainant. The complainant also has a legal right to get a free copy of the FIR from the police.

Ursa Major constellation lies in the northern sky. Its name means “the great bear,” or “the larger bear,” in Latin. The smaller bear is represented by Ursa Minor. ... Its brightest stars form the Big Dipper asterism, one of the most recognizable shapes in the sky, also known as the Plough.

Phases of the Moon: The various shapes of the bright part of the moon as seen during a month are called phases of moon.

        The moon revolves round the earth. It also revolves round the sun along with the earth. The various stages of the moon during a month are shown in Fig. 17.1.

        In position 1, the part of the moon facing earth does not receive light from the sun.

        Hence it appears dark. The other part of the moon that is facing away from earth is lit by the sun light. This position of moon, when it appears dark on earth is known as new moon.

        In position 2, 3 and 4, we see the moon not as a full disc but as a cresent. Position 2 of the moon is known as cresent moon, Position 3 as first quarter and position 4 as Gibbous (bright part is greater than a semicircle) moon.

        In position 5, the Sun's rays fall directly on the part of the moon facing earth. In this position we see the moon as a full disc of light. This position of moon is known as full moon.

Optical density is the process of transmission of light or other electromagnetic radiation by matter. The process of emission and absorption depends on the radiation's wavelength, which includes the interaction between fundamental particles like electrons, atoms, ions etc. A higher optical density indicates how much slower the wave travels through that material. The refractive index of the material is an indicator of its optical density. ... In spectroscopy, the optical density and absorbance measurements provide information about different properties of the sample.