What is resource conservation?

A n s w e r 

Using resources carefully and giving them time to get renewed is called resource conservation. If not conserved, the resources that are already available in limited quantities will get exhausted.

Warren Hastings was the first Governor-General of Fort William or Governor-General of Bengal , he took office on 20 October 1773, appointed by the Court of Directors of the East India Company.

But the Government of India Act 1833 re-designated the office with the title of Governor-General of India,and

Lord William Bentinck(1833)was the 1st Governor-General of British India.

Moving away from British classification, historians have usually divided Indian history into ‘ancient’, ‘medieval’ and ‘modern’. This division too has its problems:

It is a periodisation that is borrowed from the West where the modern period was associated with the growth of all the forces of modernity – science, reason, democracy, liberty and equality. Medieval was a term used to describe a society where these features of modern society did not exist.

British rule people did not have equality, freedom or liberty. Nor was the period one of economic growth and progress. Many historians therefore refer to this period as ‘colonial’.

Judicial Review: Judiciary has the power to strike down particular laws passed by the Parliament, if it believes that these are a violation of the basic structure of the Constitution. This is called judicial review.

Earth is called a blue planet because it appears blue in the photographs taken from space by satellites.
The reason for this is that three- fourth if the earth is covered by water (oceans, seas and other water bodies)and the remaining part is land. So our planet is called the blue planet

When Starbucks was getting started way back in 1971, they wanted to capture the seafaring history of coffee and Seattle’s strong seaport roots. They took their time did a lot research poring over old marine books. They eventually came across a 16th century Norse woodcut of a twin-tailed mermaid, or Siren. The seductive mystery mixed with a nautical theme that was exactly what the founders were looking for. A logo was designed around her, and our long relationship with the Siren began. 

It was in South Africa that Gandhi raised a family, and first employed nonviolent resistance in a campaign for civil rights. In 1915, aged 45, he returned to India. He set about organising peasants, farmers, and urban labourers to protest against excessive land-tax and discrimination. After over 21 years stay in South Africa, Gandhi returned to India on January 9, 1915 with his wife Kasturba.

After its independence in August 1947, India faced huge challenges. Some of the major challenges are as follows:

• After partition, 8 million refugees had come from Pakistan. Rehabilitation of these refugees was a big challenge.
• There were about 500 hundred princely states; which needed to be assimilated into the country.
• The huge population of India was divided along caste and communal lines. The country had always been a diverse one with numerous cultures.
• The economy was totally dependent on agriculture; which was dependent on the monsoon. A large number of factory workers were poor and were living in slums. The nation was in abject poverty.

The capitals of the Bombay, Bengal and Madras Presidencies in British India were called ‘‘Presidency Cities”. Their special features were :
(i) They were multi-functional cities, they had major ports, warehouses, homes and offices,army camps as well as educational institutions, museums and libraries.
(ii) A large number of people lived in these cities. Bombay had a population of nearly 1,500,000 people in 1941 as compared to 644,405 in 1872. The cities combined political and economic functions for the entire region.

plains and river valleya

Explanation:

These regions are very fertile and good for agriculture.These are also levelled and highly developed

Reasons for breaking salt law were:

a. The salt tax levied by the government revealed the most oppressive side of the colonial rule.

b. Salt was consumed by rich and poor alike and was one of the most essential food items.

c. Salt was seen by Mahatma Gandhi as a powerful symbol that could unite masses.

d. Breaking of salt law reflected the commitment of the people to defy repressive colonial laws.

e. It marked the beginning of the civil disobedience movement that saw popular participation and instilled a sense of nationalism.

Commercial Farming: In commercial farming crops are grown and animals are reared and grown for sale in market. it involves high mechanisation and less labour. Developed nation mostly perform this farming extensively.

Commercial Farming: This type of farming is done with sale as the main purpose. In this case, a very large area is cultivated and large amount of capital is utilised. Heavy machineries are used with less emphasis on manual labour. Commercial farming includes commercial grain farming, mixed farming and plantation.

Commercial Farming: This type of farming is done with sale as the main purpose. In this case, a very large area is cultivated and large amount of capital is utilised. Heavy machineries are used with less emphasis on manual labour. Commercial farming includes commercial grain farming, mixed farming and plantation.

 Commercial farming includes commercial grain farming, mixed farming and plantation.

Commercial farming includes commercial grain farming, mixed farming and plantation.

Explanation

Commercial Farming: This type of farming is done with sale as the main purpose. In this case, a very large area is cultivated and large amount of capital is utilised. Heavy machineries are used with less emphasis on manual labour. Commercial farming includes commercial grain farming, mixed farming and plantation.

 Commercial farming includes commercial grain farming, mixed farming and plantation.

Plantation agriculture is a type of commercial farming in which a single crop is grown for the entire year. This type of farming requires large amount of labour and capital. The crop production may be further processed on the farm itself where it is grown or in nearby factories or small scale industries. A transport network is essential for such farming and hence such transport network is developed.

(i) The Indian Parliament is an expression of the faith that the people of India have in the principles of democracy.

(ii) The Parliament in our system has immense powers because it is the representative of the people.

(iii) The Lok Sabha is elected once every five years. The country is divided into a number of these constituencies. Each of these constituencies elect one person to the parliament.

(iv) Once elected, the candidates become members of parliament or MPs. These MPs together make up the Parliament.

Periodise refers to dividing history/events into different periods or time frame .We may give example of how James Mill divided Indian History into three distinct periods or phases that is Hindu, Muslims and the British period. 

Subsistence Farming: When farming is done to meet the needs of the farmer’s family, it is called subsistence farming. In subsistence farming, low levels of technology and household labour are generally utilised. Farming is done on smaller plots and output is also small. Subsistence farming can be further categorized as intensive subsistence and primitive subsistence farming.

1. Intensive Subsistence Farming: In this type of farming, the farmer cultivates on a small plot of land. He uses simple tools and more labour. Places which have fertile soils and where the climate allows a large number of days with sunshine are suitable for this type of farming. In favourable climates, farmers are able to grow more than one crop in a year. Rice is the main crop in this type of farming. However, wheat, maize, pulses and oilseeds are also grown. This type of farming is prevalent in densely populated areas of the monsoon regions of south, southeast and east Asia.
2. Primitive Subsistence Farming: Shifting cultivation and nomadic herding come under this type of farming.
   • Shifting Cultivation: In shifting cultivation, a small patch of land is cleared by felling the trees and burning them. Then the ashes are mixed with the soil and seeds are broadcast. After a couple of years, the patch of the land is left fallow and the farmer moves on in search of a new patch of land. Shifting cultivation is practiced in thickly forested areas of Amazon basin, tropical Africa, parts of southeast Asia and Northeast India.
   • Nomadic Herding: In this type of farming, cattle, sheep, goat and camel are reared. The herdsmen move from place to place with their animals in search of new pastures. Nomadic herding is practiced in the semi-arid and arid regions of Sahara, Central Asia and some parts of India (like Rajasthan and Jammu & Kashmir).

Type of Farming:

1. Farming depends upon the geographical conditions, demand of produce, labour and level of technology.
2. Subsistence farming and commercial farming are the two types of farming.

• Subsistence Farming: Subsistence farming is practices to meet the needs of the farmer’s family and needs less technology and labour.
• Intensive Subsistence Agriculture: In this farming, the farmer cultivates a small plot of land using simple tools and more labour. Rice is the main crop. Other crops include wheat, maize, pulses and oil seeds. This type of cultivation produce little to be left over and mainly farmers fullfil only personal needs.

Parliament enables citizens of India to participate in decision making and control the government, thus making it the most important symbol of Indian democracy and a key feature of the Constitution.

A n s w e r 

Parliament enables citizens of India to participate in decision making and control the government, thus making it the most important symbol of Indian democracy and a key feature of the Constitution.

b. conversation between two people

Explanation:

diaries of ancient people gives us a lot of info about the lifestyle and all in the earlier times .Autobiographies also do the same but the conversation between two people can involve the use of wrong information or the information given may not be sufficient to conclude something

(b) census was held every five years.  True

(c) medieval period was the old period of history. False

(d) the British thought survey were important for effective administration. True

(e) the national archives of India came up in the 1920s. True

• Governor-General of India (1833-58): By Charter Act of 1833, the post name of Governor-General of Bengal again converted into "Governor-General of India" (first Governor-General of India was William Bentinck.
  • This post was mainly for administrative purposes and reported to the Court of Directors of the East India Company.
• Viceroy (1858-1947): After the revolt of 1857, the company rule was abolished and India came under the direct control of the British crown.
  • Government of India Act 1858 passed which changed the name of post-Governor General of India by Viceroy of India.
  • The Viceroy was appointed directly by the British government.
  • The first Viceroy of India was Lord Canning.

Warren Hastings was the 1st governor General of the British in India