Traditional methods of teaching that are still being adhered to in the schools:

• Teacher-centric classrooms

• Teachers in the mode of knowledge dispensers rather than facilitators

• Chalk and talk methods

• Regimented classrooms

• Lack of collaboration and group learning

• More emphasis on examinations and results rather than understanding of concepts

• Improper alignment between objectives, activities and assessments 

• Lack of collaboration and group learning

• More emphasis on examinations and results rather than understanding of concepts

• Improper alignment between objectives, activities and assessments 

Modern methods in use in education

• Technology-driven classrooms

• Continuous comprehensive evaluation

• Cross-curricular connections

• Inquiry-based learning

• Emphasis on understanding of concepts

• Linking curriculum with life

• Emphasis on skill building, life skills and values

• Smart interactive boards

• BYOD – Bring your own device

• Collaborative learning

• Differential learning

• Activity-based learning and learning labs

• Interdisciplinary learning

• Integrative and social responsibility and civic engagement

• Digitisation in teaching, learning assessment and feedback

• Collaborative learning

• Differentiated instruction

• Flipped classroom

• Problem-based learning

Mahatma Gandhi was the great Indian figure who enlightened the world with the principles of truth and non-violence.

He belonged to an age when the principle of “Might is right” was the notion of the time. Countries were engaged fighting each other while displaying their powers.

After studying law, he went to South Africa to work for his clients. He raised his voice against the discrimination that was done again Indians and other dark people. However, he always adopted peaceful means.

After returning to India, he got the task of getting the country freed from the foreign rule.

Gandhi condemned the mass killing incident of Jalianwala Bath.

The people of the country, under the great leader, marched to Dandi and produced salt. They were protesting against the unfair British tax regime.

Gandhi was a supporter of indigenous cottage and khadi industry. The Swadeshi and Boycott  movement inspired millions of Indians to come forward for the cause of the nation.

During the “Quit India movement” he asked Indians to “Do or die” for the freedom of the country.

He was a saint. He was praised even by the British community.

There are following main reasons to call it permanent house
A) It is the upper house of parliament whose members are from the various fields such as culture, sports, science etc. these members are not elected by people directly. So they are not directly responsible to people.
B) Unlike the lower house (Lok sabha) it cant be dissolved. 
C) Its members are selected for a term of six years and one third of its members changes in every two years.
D) This house always remain in motion and is indepandent of general election of the country 
E) This house is dissolved only when parliament fails i.e. in case of emergency.

The constitution of India states that the tenure of Lok Sabha is 5 years but it is subjected to dissolution by president on the advise of Prime Minister and his council of Ministers.

The development of cotton industries in Britain affected textile producers in India in several ways.

Indian textiles  had to complee with British textiles in the European and American markets.
Exporting textiles to England also became increasingly difficult since very high duties were imposed on Indian textiles imported into Britain.

By the beginning of the nineteenth century, English made cotton textiles successfully outsets Indian goods from their traditional markets in Africa, America and Europe.
Thousands of weavers in India were now thrown out of employment.
Bengal weavers were the worst hit. English and European companies stopped buying Indian goods and their agents no longer gave out advances to weavers to secure supplies.
Distressed weavers wrote petitions to the government to help them.
The textile factory industry in India faced many problems.
It found it difficult to compete with the cheap textiles imported from Britain. Some migrated to cities in search of work and yet others went out of the country to work in plantations Africa and South America.

Manual scavenging refers to the practice ofmanually cleaning, carrying, disposing or handling in any manner, human excreta from dry latrines and sewers. It often involves using the most basic of tools such as buckets, brooms and baskets.

Incorporated

Large scale industries produce more than small scale industries, the extent of market is more for large scale industries. Small scale industries can manage themselves with their local market but large scale industries cannot. Large scale industries cannot function if they do not get adequate market.

Small scale industries are mostly located in urban and semi-urban areas. The small industries are mostly run by hired labourers.

Medium-scale businesses typically result from the slow and steady growth that results from a successful small business. As a company earns more revenue, it sets aside the capital needed for buildings, equipment and more employees, eventually bridging the gap between small business and large corporations.

Cottage industries are also known as small scale industries because of the investment. Cottage industry being a household industry is mostly run by the members of the family and therefore do not maintain hired labourers.

The head of district police is called Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP), and he holds the rank of a SP. Superintendents of Police.