People were dissatisfied with British rule in the 1870s and 1880s for the following reasons:
(i)The British passed the Arms Act in 1878 which disallowed Indians from possessing arms.
(ii)In the same year British passed the Vernacular Press Act was also enacted in an effort to silence those who were critical of the government. It allowed the government to confiscate the assets of newspapers including their printing presses if the newspapers published anything that was critical of the government.
(iii) In 1883, the Ilbert Bill was introduced. The bill provided for the trial of British or European persons by Indians and sought equality between British and Indian judges in the country. But the white opposition forced the government to withdraw the bill.

The term ‘adivasi’ literally means ‘original inhabitants’ – are communities who lived, and often continue to live, in close association with forests. Around 8 per cent of India’s population is Adivasi and many of India’s most important mining and industrial centres are located in Adivasi areas. Adivasis are not a homogeneous population: there are over 500 different Adivasi groups in India.

Marginalization is the social process of being confined to a lower social standing. Marginalization involves people being denied their fundamental rights which results in lowering their economic and social status.

Post the failure of the ‘Cripps Mission’, Gandhiji in his historical speech back on August 8, 1942, gave the call for the nation “Do or Die”. The British government tried to suppress the movement by arresting the Congress leaders post Gandhi’s speech. On August 9, 1942, the Congress has passed the resolution called “Quit India Movement”. The aim of the movement is the withdrawal of the British troops and for full Independence. The movement is an important milestone in the nation's struggle for the Independence.

By political equality, Dr. Ambedkar meant the universal adult franchise which gave equal rights to all citizens. By socioeconomic inequality, he meant the income disparities among people.

Fundamental rights are mentioned in part-III of the constitution under article 12-35. These are the basics of democracy and only given to citizens. Incase of the violation of Fundamental Rights, a citizen can directly access to the judiciary.
In India, the following 6 fundamental rights are provided to Indian citizens-
(i) Right to equality (Art 14-18)- every person is equal in the eyes of law.It means that laws apply in the same manner to all.
(ii) Right to Freedom(Art 19-22) - It is also known as 'cluster of rights'. Freedom of sppech & expression, to assemble in peaceful manner, to form associations and unions. to reside any where in the country, to practice any profession, all are the part of this fundamental right.
(iii) Right against exploitation(Art 23-24)- As per constitution human trafficing, begar and child labour are prohibited.
(iv) Right to Freedom of Religion(Art 25-28)- Every person has the right to profess, practice and propogate any of the religions.
(v) Cultural & Educational Rights(Art 29 & 30)- Any section of the citizens with a distinct language and culture have a right to conserve it.

• The modern women are inclined towards the social issues, and trying hard to improve the social status of women at large.
• Increased awareness and education has inspired women to come out of the four walls of the home. Many woman actively supported and participated in the nationalist movement and secured eminent positions and offices in administration and public life in free India. Traditionally Indian women exist because of the family and for the family.
• Just like their man counterpart, women are also fond of attending social functions and value her social life quite a lot. Previously, men-folk used to discourage women from leaving their households for attending social functions. Now the spread of education, especially that of women, and with that the changing social attitudes of educated women have changed the order.
• The modern woman has started caring for her health, figure, cultural needs and interests, academic pursuits, social intercourse, religious activities recreational needs, etc.

• Spinning jenny was a machine invented by James Hargreaves.
• This machine speeded up the spinning process and reduced labour demand.
• By turning one single wheel a worker could spin several threads at a time.
• The fear of unemployment made the women workers hostile to the introduction of new technology and hence they attacked spinning jenny.

The Baigas, Khonds, Bhils, Van Gujjars, Santhals, Mundas, Nagas and Banjaras are some important tribes of India who by the 19^th century, undertook occupations depending on the topography and the climate of a region.

• Marginalization is the social process of being confined to a lower social standing. Marginalization involves people being denied their fundamental rights which results in lowering their economic and social status.
• In the social environment , groups of people or communities may have the experience of being excluded.
• Their marginalisation can be because they speak a different language, follow different customs or belong to a different religious group from the majority community.
• They may also feel marginalised because they are poor, considered to be of ‘low’ social status and viewed as being less human than others. Sometimes, marginalised groups are viewed with hostility and fear. 

• The Subsidiary Alliance system was used by Lord Wellesley, who was Governor-General of India from 1798-1805, to build an empire in India.
• Under the system, the allying Indian state's ruler was compelled to accept the permanent stationing of a British force within his territory and to pay a subsidy for its maintenance.
• Also, the Indian ruler had to agree to the posting of a British Resident in his court.
• Under the Subsidiary Treaty, the Indian ruler could not employ any European in his service without the prior approval of the British. Nor could he negotiate with any other Indian ruler without consulting the Governor-General.
• In return for all this, the British agreed to defend the ruler from his enemies and adopt a policy of non-interference in the internal matters of the allied state.
• Subsidiary Alliance brought immense gains for the East India Company by extending the areas under British control and bringing relative peace in subsidies and territory.
• During the seven-year rule of Wellesley alone, over 100 small and big states of India signed the Subsidiary Treaty.

The first structure to successfully use the dome was called the Jama Masjid.

In the social environment, groups of people or communities may have the experience of being excluded. This can be because they speak a different language, follow different customs or belong to a different religious group from the majority community. They may also feel marginalised because they are poor, considered to be of ‘low’ social status and viewed as being less human than others. Economic, social, cultural and political factors work together to make certain groups in society feel marginalised.

The advantages to foreign companies in setting up production in India are following:

(i)They can get cheap labour in India.

(ii)They can spend the least on housing facilities for workers.

(iii)They can cut cost by providing lower working conditions including lower safety measures.

Thus, foreign companies can save costs and earn higher profits.