Consumption of resources is higher in developed countries than in developing countries because developed countries have more financial resources and technology to make use of the resources. These developed countries are mostly industrialized countries which require more and more resources for their industrial growth. Actually, the developed nations use more than their share of resources. For example an average American uses 20 times more energy than a Costa Rican and 70 times more energy than a Bangladeshi. The world's richest 1 billion people use around 80 % of the world's resources. That means that the other 6.4 billion people use only around 20 % of the world's resources. Currently, the inhabitants of the developed nations of the world consume resources at the rate of almost 32 times greater than those of the developing nations, who make up the majority of the human population.  

Under Lord Hastings, the East India Company pursued territorial expansion and  policy of 'paramountcy'   to state that British  power was more than any Indian state. Under this claim, they justified their annexation of other territories.

It was Governor General Warren Hastings who introduced several administrative reform notably in the sphere of justice.With his efforts Each district was to have two courts; a criminal court and a civil court. The criminal court was called fauzdari adalat and the civil court was called diwani adalat.

Tipu Sultan was the famous ruler of Mysore who ruled Mysore from 1782 to 1799. Under his leadership Mysore had grown in strenght.
It controlled the profitable trade of the Malabar coast where the Company purchased pepper and cardamom. In 1785 Tipu Sultan stopped the export of these items through the ports of his kingdom, and disallowed local merchants from trading with the Company. He also developed relationship with the French in India to modernise his army with their help.
The British got furious and waged four battles against Tipu Sultan. Only in the last – the Battle of Seringapatam – did the Company ultimately win a victory. Tipu Sultan was killed defending his capital Seringapatam.

The first Maratha War 1775–1782 took place in British East India Company and Maratha Empire beginning with Surat treaty and ending with Salbai treaty.

The second Marstha War 1803–1805 began with Deogaon treaty and ended with Rajghat treaty.

The third Maratha War 1817–1818 left East India company almost in charge of India.

The East India Company set up first English factory on the banks of the river Hugli in the year 1651.
(i)This was the base from which the company’s traders, known at that time as ‘factors’, operated. The factory had a warehouse where goods for export were stored and it had offices where Company officials set.
(ii)As trade expanded, the Company persuaded merchants and traders to come and settle near the factory. By 1696 the Company began to build a fort around the settlement.
(iii)Two years later it bribed Mughal officials into giving the Company zamindari rights over three villages. One of these was Kalikata which later developed into a city, known as Calcutta.
(iv)The Company also persuaded the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb to issue a farman granting the company the right to trade duty free. The Company tried continuously to press for more concessions and manipulate existing privileges.
(v)For instance, Aurangzeb’s farman had granted only the Company the right to trade duty free. But Company officials who were carrying on private trade on the side, were expected to pay duty. But they refused to pay. This caused huge loss of revenue for Bengal.

Exhaustible Natural Resources: Some natural resources are available in limited quantity and can be finished by human activities. Such resources are called exhaustible natural resources, e.g. coal, petroleum, minerals, etc.

1. A globe is a three-dimensional sphere while, a map is two-dimensional.
2. A globe represents the whole earth, whereas a map may represent the whole earth or just a part of it.
3. A globe can be used to get a broad-level picture of the world while, map provides more specific information about different places.
4. A globe, being spherical in shape, spins around an axis. However, a map, being a representation on a piece of paper, does not spin.
5. A globe is made of hard material and cannot be folded making it difficult to be carried around, unlike maps, which are made on paper and can be easily folded and carried around.

The Battle of Plassey was fought between the forces of the Nawab of Bengal Siraj-ud-Daulah and the English East India Company, led by Robert Clive. It was fought on 23 June 1757 at Plassey near Murshidabad. A major portion of the 50,000 strong army of the Nawab was controlled by Mir Jafar who was hand in gloves with the British. His men did not join the battle at a crucial time. As a result, the Nawab’s men suffered heavy casualties and he himself left the battlefield after the death of his commander Mir Madan. This was a major blow to the Nawab’s army which was, as a result, easily defeated by the British. Later, the Nawab himself was caught and killed, and Mir Jafar was instituted as the new Nawab of Bengal.

If there are no restrictions on the power of the elected representatives the leaders might misuse the powers given to them. The Indian Constitution provides safeguards against this misuse of power by our political leaders. The Constitution lays down rules that guard the citizens against misuse of power.

History is certainly about changes that occur over time. It is about finding out how things were in past and how things have change. As soon as we compare the past with the present we refer to the time, we talk "before" and "after"