once upon a time a person his living in a small village. He lived with his family. He is very intelligent person in his home town.

He is answering for all the questions that people ask him. So the people thought that there are mines in his mind . because he is that much of brilliant in his village.

The people were arriving from farther places to get a justice from him. Because he is the person who can judge everything accurately.

By seeing this all the people said that there are mines in his mind so that the mines are his knowledge. Mines are helping him to answer any questions that we ask. and he us able to solve any problem easily and quickly.

The Sepoy Mutiny was a violent and very bloody uprising against British rule in India in 1857. It is also known by other names: the Indian Mutiny, the Indian Rebellion of 1857, or the Indian Revolt of 1857.

The traditional story of the Sepoy Mutiny is that the introduction of a new cartridge for the Enfield rifle provoked much of the trouble.

The cartridges were wrapped in paper, which had been coated in grease which made the cartridges easier to load in rifle barrels. Rumors began to spread that the grease used to make the cartridges was derived from pigs and cows, which would be highly offensive to Muslims and Hindus.

There is no doubt that conflict over the new rifle cartridges sparked the uprising in 1857, but the reality is that social, political, and even technological reforms had set the stage for what happened.

A Charge sheet is a formal document of accusation prepared by law-enforcement agencies in India and Bangladesh. It is distinct from the First Information Report (FIR) (which is the core document that describes a crime that has been committed), usually refers to one or more FIRs, and charges an individual or organization for (some or all of) the crimes specified in those FIR(s).

The Indian Rebellion of 1857 is also called the Indian Mutiny, the Sepoy Mutiny,[2] North India's First War of Independence or North India's first struggle for independence. It began on 10 May 1857 at Meerut, as a mutinyof sepoys of the British East India Company's army. Sepoys in the Presidency of Bengal revolted against their British officers.

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When a particular social group is forced to live on the fringes rather than in the mainstream; this is called marginalization. A marginalized section of the society does not get proper opportunity of socio-economic development.

There are many differences in Indian farming and US farming methods.
1. India is basically an agriculture-based country with 80% of its population in rural areas, whereas in the US, only a small number of people are involved in farming.
2. The average farm holdings in the India are of small sizes (2-3 hectares), whereas in the US, the farm holdings are large (250 hectares).
3. Most of the Indian farmers are uneducated or receive basic education in the village schools, whereas in the US, the farmers are mostly well educated and keep themselves updated with the latest developments in the agriculture field.
4. Indian farming is labor intensive and traditional methods of farming like plowing is used, whereas, in the US, heavy and advanced machinery is used for farming which is capital intensive.
5. Indian farming is weather dependent and farmers grow only 2-3 crops per year. In the US, the farmers use scientific techniques like soil testing etc. and grow multiple crops throughout the year.
6. The US farmlands give bigger returns to the farmer when compared to the Indian farmlands.

E. V. Ramaswamy was known as ‘Periyar’. He hailed from a middle class family. He had studied Sanskrit scriptures in his childhood. He later joined Congress but left it when he saw separate seating arrangements for members according to their castes in one of the feasts organised by the party. He started the Self-Respect Movement. He contended that the untouchables were the original inhabitants of the land and upholders of the Dravidian culture and have been systematically suppressed by the Brahmins. He asked the lower castes to free themselves of all caste shackles and strive for social equality.

Periyar criticised Ramayana, Bhagvad Gita and the Codes of Manu. According to him, these texts were used for establishing the authority of the Brahmins over the people of lower castes.

Pandita Ramabai's contribution to reform movement-

• She founded a widow home at Poona for providing shelter to widows who had been treated badly by her in laws.
• In widow home women used to trained so that they could support themselves economically.
• She also wrote a book about the miserable lives of upper caste Hindu women.

Raja Rammohun Roy was a pioneer social reformer. He founded the Brahmo Sabha in Calcutta. Later, it came to be known as the Brahmo Samaj. He thought that unjust practices should be done away with and the society should be changed for a better future. He promoted women’s education. He began a campaign against the practice of sati. He quoted ancient texts to develop his arguments so that people could listen. It was because of Rammohun Roy’s efforts that the British banned the practice of sati in 1829.

Status of Women:

Two hundred years ago, the situation of women was altogether different compared to in the modern times. The practice of child marriage was rampant. Both Hindu and Muslim men could marry more than one wife. Burning of a widow on her husband’s pyre was a gory practice in many parts of India. This was called the sati system. A widow who died in this manner was praised as a woman of high virtues. Women did not have the right to property. Most of the women had no access to education.

Status of Shudras:

People were divided along the caste lines. Brahmans and Kshatriyas were considered as the upper castes. Traders and moneylenders were placed after them. Peasants and artisans came at the third level. People who did the so called “dirty” jobs were called the shudras. People at the bottom of this hierarchy were treated as “untouchable”. They could not enter temples, nor take water from wells (used by upper castes), bathe in ponds which were meant for the upper castes.

The Bengal Sati Regulation which banned the Sati practice in all jurisdictions of British India was passed on December 4, 1829 by the then Governor-General Lord William Bentinck. The regulation described the practice of Sati as revolting to the feelings of human nature.