A substance that is made up of only one type of atom. Compound: A substance that is made up of more than one type of atom bonded together. Mixture: A combination of two or more elements or compounds which have not reacted to bond together; each part in the mixture retains its own properties. Anything that can be used to satisfy a need is a resource. → Utility or usability is what makes an object or substance a resource. Example includes Water, textbook etc. ... But both satisfy human needs so these are considered as resource.

James Mill divided the Indian history into 3 parts- Hindu, Muslim and British.

The problem was that It's not possible that in Hindu period only hindu rulers ruled and in Muslim period only muslim rulers rule and in British period only a British ruler will rule. This was told by many people that the periodisation that he offered.

Even though the English East India Company had instated Mir Qasim as the nawab of Bengal and wanted him to grant the British trade concessions and other privileges, this was easier said than done. Though under the political domination of the Company, the Nawab at least had to maintain a pretense of sovereignty in front of his subjects. This the British officials refused to understand and pushed more and more for trade concessions. This irked Mir Qasim and soon became uncooperative. As a result, the Company’s troops engaged Nawab’s forces at the Battle of Baxar in 1764.

After the conclusion of the Battle of Buxar, the British truly became an entrenched power in Bengal. It can be said that the British Empire truly began after the British victory at Baxar. The victory in the battle enabled the Company to extend their political control over Awadh. The British compelled Shah Alam II to sign the Treaty of Allahabad in 1765. It stipulated that Awadh be returned to Nawab Shuja-ud-Daulah in return for Kora and Allahabad. He was to pay Rs. 50 lakh to the British in return for the assurance that they would defend his territories against enemies. However, the Nawab himself would have to pay for the expenses incurred by the British while doing so. Awadh was made a buffer state between the British territories in Bengal and the Marathas possessions. Shah Alam II granted the Diwani rights over the regions of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the Company. This gave the British the authority to collect revenue and dispense justice in civil cases. The British authority over Bengal became legal after the Battle of Buxar. The British granted Kora and Allahabad to Shah Alam II and an annual pension of Rs. 25 lakh rupees.

In the 1990 Nepal constitution the Executive powers of the Kingdom was entirely in the hands of the King. According to the Interim constitution drafted in 2007, the executive powers of Nepal are in the hands of the council of ministers headed by the Prime Minister.
There was a dire need for a new constitution as the ideals of the people had changed as the country had moved from a monarchy to a democracy. The old constitution was drafted when the country was under the rule of the king. The people of Nepal fought for a democratic government for many years. So the old constitution does not reflect the ideals of the people. The new constitution will change the rules of the old constitution in order to bring in a new society with new ideals.

The main cause of food shortage in India after partition was that the food surplus areas of West Punjab and Sindh went to Pakistan.

James Mill, a Scottish economist and political philosopher, had published a massive three-volume work, "A History of British India" in 1817. In this he divided Indian history into three periods – Hindu, Muslim and British. It is even worth-mentioning that even rulers in ancient India did not share the same faith.

Certain historical events need to be seen in the context of dates. A major part of history is about kings and rulers. Ascension of a ruler to the throne, important battles fought by him and succession of power are some of the events which can be expressed with reference to time. Dates are important for correlating such events.

Some events do not happen on a particular date but take a very long period to materialize. For example; the freedom of India took many years of mass struggle to turn into a reality. Such events are studied in the context of various other events.

Nazam-ud-daulah was the Nawab of Bengal when Diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa was granted to East India Company. In 1765, the Company was granted the Diwani, or the right to collect revenue, in Bengal and Bihar. Grant of the Diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the East India Company by the Great Mughal Shah Alam (1765) Introduction: After Robert Clive had conquered Bengal in 1757, imposing a Nawab (governor) of his choice, the Great Mughal offered him the Diwani (civil administration) of the province.

By the 1890s, many Indians began to question the style of the Congress. New leaders emerged who began to explore more radical objectives and methods. Bepin Chandra Pal, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Lala Lajpat Rai were among the radical leaders. They criticized the Moderates for their “policy of prayers”. They argued that people should not believe on the so called good intentions of the government and must fight for swaraj.

Colonization (or colonisation) is a process by which a central system of power dominates the surrounding land and its components. The term is derived from the Latin word colere, which means "to inhabit". Colonization was linked to the spread of tens of millions from Western European states all over the world.

The utility of goods is its want-satisfying capability. The more the stronger the aspiration to have it, the more is the utility procured from the goods. The utility is instinctive. Distinct people can get different degrees of utility from the same goods. For instance, someone who likes sweets will get much higher utility from a sweet than someone who doesn’t sweets. The utility that an individual obtains from the goods can differ with the change in location and time. For instance, utility from the use of an Air conditioner certainly relies upon whether the person is in Srinagar or Jaipur(location) or whether it is winter or summer (season).

Earth has different topography, climate and altitude at different places. Difference in these factors has resulted in unequal distribution of resources over the earth.

Britain had been trading the world over but India was its single largest trading partner. India supplied raw material and provided a huge market for British goods. Indian 'exports' to Britain like cotton, tea, spices ended up as finished goods in India or were further exported to other countries.

Disadvantages of representative democracies include that representatives may distort peoples' demands to suit their political preferences. representatives may not make themselves accountable enough between elections and can only be removed by-elections if they lose the respect of the people.

Federalism is a system of government in which entities such as states or provinces share power with a national government. The United States government functions according to the principles of federalism. The U.S. political system evolved from the philosophy of federalism.

The resources which cannot be easily replaced once they are destroyed are called as the Non-renewable resources.

Few examples of Non-renewable resources include few species of plants and animals, minerals, fossil fuels, water, wind, land, soil, and rocks.

The rule of the British in India is possibly the most controversial and the most hotly debated aspect of the history of the British empire. Admirers of British rule point to the economic developments, the legal and administrative system, the fact that India became the centre of world politics. Critics of British rule generally point out that all of these benefits went to a tiny British ruling class and the majority of Indians gained little. Admirers of British rule counter this by saying that most Indians were poor and oppressed by their own leaders before the British arrived, and that British rule was less harsh on ordinary Indians than rule by Indian princes.

Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte, formerly Kotte, city and legislative capital of Sri Lanka. It is located in the southwestern part of the country, about 5 miles (8 km) southeast of the commercial capital of Colombo, of which it was once a suburb.

Actual Resource: Resources whose quantity is known and which are being used at present are called actual resources, e.g. coal and petroleum.