Secularism in India refers to the equal treatment of religions by the state. On the other hand, secularism in other democratic countries refers to the complete separation of religion and state.

Former secular states

• Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (1978–1980) Afghanistan became a secular state after the Saur Revolution but Islam became an official religion again in 1980.
• Imperial State of Iran (1925–1941, 1953–1979) ...
• Iraq (1932–2005) ...
• Samoa (1962–2017)

'Battle of Buxar' was fought on '23 October 1764' between 'British East India Company' and various Mughal emperors. The British army was led by Hectro Munro and the Mughal army was led by Nawab of Awadh, Qasim Khan and Mughal emperor, "Shah Alam".

The battle was fought in Buxar, which is a territory of Bengal. It is situated on the banks of Ganga River. It was a decisive land for the Britishers.  Mughal forces outnumbered the British forces.

Mughal army has over 40000 men while Britishers were only 10000. Due to the lack of coordination between the Mughal emperors they lost the battle severely even after having such a huge army.

• Born on November 19, 1828, in Varanasi to a Marathi family as Manikarnika.
• Her parents were Moropant Tambe and Bhagirathi Bai.
• Her father was working at the Peshwa’s court in Bithoor.
• After her mother died when she was four, her father brought her up. The Peshwa also took a keen interest in her upbringing.
• She was educated and taught horse riding, fencing and shooting to a target.
• Her childhood friends were Nana Sahib and Tatya Tope.
• At the age of 14, she was married to the Maharaja of Jhansi, Gangadhar Rao in 1842.
• After her marriage, she was called Laxmibai.
• Her son Damodar Rao was born in 1851. But he died after four months.
• Gangadhar Rao died in 1853. Before he died, he had adopted his cousin’s son Anand Rao, who was renamed, Damodar Rao.

In economics, factors of production, resources, or inputs are what is used in the production process to produce output—that is, finished goods and services. The utilized amounts of the various inputs determine the quantity of output according to the relationship called the production function.  Human capital is the most important factor of production because you will need knowledge and enterprise to be able to put together land,labour and physical capital to produce an output either to use yourself or sell in the market.

The process of making of the Indian Constitution began many decades before India got independence. The Constitution of India was first drafted by Motilal Nehru in 1928. The legislatures that the British had introduced were weak and the voting rights were not given to everyone. The Indian law makers had learnt from the experiences during the colonial rule and utilized all of this while writing the constitution. Many of the institutional details and procedures were borrowed from colonial laws like the Government of India Act 1935. 

The drafting of Indian Constitution was done by the Constituent Assembly. Indian Constituent Assembly was convened in December 1946. The members of this assembly were only Indians. The Assembly started drafting the constitution for independent India. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee and Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the Chairman of the Constituent Assembly. Our Constitution was adopted on 26th November 1949 and came into effect on 26th January 1950, which we commemorate as our Republic day.

The Battle of Plassey was fought between the forces of the Nawab of Bengal Siraj-ud-Daulah and the English East India Company, led by Robert Clive. It was fought on 23 June 1757 at Plassey near Murshidabad. A major portion of the 50,000 strong army of the Nawab was controlled by Mir Jafar who was hand in gloves with the British. His men did not join the battle at a crucial time. As a result, the Nawab’s men suffered heavy casualties and he himself left the battlefield after the death of his commander Mir Madan. This was a major blow to the Nawab’s army which was, as a result, easily defeated by the British. Later, the Nawab himself was caught and killed, and Mir Jafar was instituted as the new Nawab of Bengal.

Historians divided Indian History into ancient, medieval and modern. But this classification has its own problems. This periodisation is borrowed from the West where modern period is associated with the growth and development sciences, rationalism, humanism, logic, freedom and equality. The term 'Medieval' was used to describe a society which was not democratic and liberal. However, in the Indian context ,the British period in history cannot be termed as 'modern' because Indians were denied liberty, equality and justice. There was no economic progress and the Indian industires declined rapidly. Thus, it is appropriate to term this period as 'colonial'.

The Delhi Sultanate refers to the five short-lived Muslim kingdoms of Turkic and Pashtun (Afghan) origin that ruled the territory of Delhi between 1206 and 1526 CE. In the 16th century, the last of their line was overthrown by the Mughals, who established the the Mughal Empire in India. Since delhi was ruled by sultans for a longer period of time in history. From the time 1192 AD when the muslim genral Muhammad Ghor captured delhi from rajputs and started a dynasty of rulers which together with some other dynasties later, we call it delhi sultante.

If we don't conserve the resources, they will be finished one day. Once they will be finished, our lives will also be finished.

Surveys conducted by the British are an important source of the history of the period because the British carried out detailed surveys of various regions and the practices of people in India during their rule. They surveyed the soil, cropping pattern, flora and fauna. They also began to conduct the census of the country to record details of the population and their caste and religious affiliations. These surveys form an important part of history as they shed light on the country’s history apart from demographic changes which have been experienced over a period of time.

Natural resource:
1. natural resources are those resources occuring in nature
2. they are both renewable and non renewable
3. they help in economic development of people
4.ex- land, water, forest, mineral deposits
man made resources
1. man-made resources are a type of of resources that doesn't occur naturally and is made by humans
2. they are non-renewable
3.they help in economic as well as social development
4.ex-building, bridges , electric items, etc which make mans life a perfect and luxury one .

The American Revolutionary War was fought from 1775 to 1783. It was also known as the American War of Independence. The Revolutionary War began with the confrontation between British troops and local militia at Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts, on 19 April 1775. The American Revolution was principally caused by colonial opposition to British attempts to impose greater control over the colonies and to make them repay the crown for its defense of them during the French and Indian War (1754–63). ... Read more about the causes of the American Revolution in the United States article.

Ranbir Singh was the third son of Gulab Singh, the founder of the Jammu and Kashmir state. Ranbir Singh ascended the throne in 1856 after Gulab Singh's abdication due to his poor health. He allied with the British during the Sepoy Mutiny

Ranbir Singh was a scholar of Sanskrit and Persian languages and had many books translated.

Development is a positive growth or change in economical, social and political aspects of a country. Two aspects of development are: (a) Economic development or rise in income of people. (b) Social development, which includes education, health and public services. For development, people do look at a mix of goals-which not only focus on seeking/earning more income but also on non-material aspects like equal treatment, respect of other, dignity of labour, a safe and secure work environment, pollution free surroundings etc.