Loss of the soil it refers to the exposure of the inner layer of the soil to the year. This is a sign of the the soil pollution. 

• As a result of extreme amount of deforestation the soil becomes loose as a result of which the soil gets blown away.

• Since the top most layer of the soil is the most fertile part of the soil if this part of the soil is washed away by wind or by any water source then it hampers the cultivation of plant. As a result of this deforestation should be prevented as much as possible.

Phages are currently being used therapeutically to treat bacterial infections that do not respond to conventional antibiotics, particularly in Russia and Georgia.  It uses viruses to treat bacterial infections. Bacterial viruses are called phages or bacteriophages. They only attack bacteria; phages are harmless to people, animals, and plants. Bacteriophages are the natural enemies of bacteria.

Advantages

1. Control of pests: They help in reduction of pests feeding upon economically valuable crops.

2. Prevention of diseases:They prevent diseases in plants by killing pests.

3. Increasing yields: They are useful in increasing the productivity of crops.

4.  Cost effective: Pesticides are cost effective, they are cheap and easily available.

5. Effective and rapid: The pesticides are toxic for living pests and the action of these pesticides is rapid and effective to maintain the population of pests.

Disdavantages

1. Loss of beneficial insect species: The action of pesticides not only kill the desired harmful pests but also kills beneficial pollinating insects. Therefore, interrupts in the life cycle of plants.

2. Poisioning hazards: Pesticides are harmful for all living species. The human applicant have been found symptoms of nausea, head ache, irritation, and severe poisoning ailments associated with the use of pesticide in the agricultural field.

3. Responsible pollutants:  Pesticides are potentially harmful pollutants of air, soil and water.

4. Effects food chain: The pesticides being undigested in the pests body is being eaten up by another higher organism results in biomagnification. In which large population of organisms in the higher trophic levels are affected.

Bacteria are classified into 5 groups according to their basic shapes: spherical (cocci), rod (bacilli), spiral (spirilla), comma (vibrios) or corkscrew (spirochaetes). They can exist as single cells, in pairs, chains or clusters. Artwork of bacterial cells becoming resistant to antibiotics.

There are many different types of bacteria. One way of classifying them is by shape. There are three basic shapes.

• Spherical: Bacteria shaped like a ball are called cocci, and a single bacterium is a coccus. 
• Rod-shaped: These are known as bacilli (singular bacillus). Some rod-shaped bacteria are curved. These are known as vibrio. 
• Spiral: These are known as spirilla (singular spirillus). If their coil is very tight they are known as spirochetes. 

Proboscis is a hollow organ or tube attached to the head, or connected with the mouth, of various animals, and generally used in taking food or drink; a snout; a trunk. The proboscis of an elephant is a flexible muscular elongation of the nose. During rest, the tube-like feeding structure of the butterfly (i.e., the proboscis, equated to a "tongue") remains coiled tightly against the head. However, when the butterfly moves to feed upon the nectar of a flower or something akin, the proboscis unfurls to extend downward into the flower's center.

Nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane called the nuclear membrane.

This membrane is also porous and allows the movement of materials between the cytoplasm and the inside of the nucleus.

• Crop Variety Improvement:

Varieties or strains of crops can be selected by breeding for various useful characteristics such as disease resistance, response to fertilisers, product quality and high yields. Crop variety improvement is the manipulation of crop plants for increasing their yield and improving quality. Various approaches which are used for genetic improvement of crop plants are referred as plant breeding methods. These involve three processes:

(i) Introduction – This refers to the transportation of crop plants from the place of cultivation to the place where grown earlier.

(ii) Selection – This process involves the selection of most desirable offspring of a variety of plant for controlled propagation.

(iii) Hybridisation – It involves the crossing between genetically dissimilar plants to produce a new kind. Crossing may be between two different varieties (intervarietal cross - breeding) or between the two different species of the same genus (inter specific cross – breeding) and between different genera (intergeneric cross – breeding).

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Nobody is safe from this pollution, which comes from five main human sources. These sources spew out a range of substances including carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, ground-level ozone, particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, hydrocarbons, and lead–all of which are harmful to human health.

Cultivation is an agriculture practice, involving the production of food by preparing the land to grow crops on a large scale. Cultivation involves loosening and breaking up (tilling) of the soil. The soil around existing plants is cultivated (by hand using a hoe, or by machine using a cultivator) to destroy weeds and promote growth by increasing soil aeration and water infiltration.

Photosynthesis is a process by which phototrophs convert light energy into chemical energy, which is later is used to fuel cellular activities. The chemical energy is stored in the form of sugars, which are created from water and carbon dioxide.

6CO₂    +   6H₂O  —>  C₆H₁₂O₆  + 6O₂

The process by which green plants make their own food (like glucose) from carbon dioxide and water by using sunlight energy in the presence of chlorophyll is called photosynthesis.

6CO2 + 6H20 + (energy) → C6H12O6 + 6O2 

The excessive use of fertilisers is harmful due to the following reasons:

1. It changes the chemical nature of the soil and makes it less fertile.
2. The excessive use of fertilisers causes water pollution in ponds, lakes, rivers, etc.

Viruses are on the borderline between living and nonliving because they show the body properties when they inside the host body they show living properties and they considered as living because they have their own DNA and RNA .they have ability to reproduce when inside the host body. viruses show genetic recombination. they are nonliving because they have non cellular structure , undergo crystalization and completely inactive outside the host cell.

• A small amount of curd (starter) is added to milk
• Lactobacillus (present in curd) converts sugars in milk (Lactose) into lactic acid
• Lactic acid imparts sour taste to curd
• Increased acidity causes milk proteins (casein) to turn into solid masses. This changes the texture of curd.

• It causes respiratory issues in animals and humans.
• When acid rain falls down and flows into the rivers and ponds it affects the aquatic ecosystem. As it alters the chemical composition of the water, to a form which is actually harmful to the aquatic ecosystem to survive and causes water pollution.
• Acid rain also causes the corrosion of water pipes. Which further results in leaching of heavy metals such as iron, lead and copper into drinking water.
• It damages the buildings and monuments made up of stones and metals.

Elements – Elements constitute the simplest chemical substances in which all the atoms are exactly the same.

Difference between metals and non-metals:

An accumulation is a gathering or increase of something over time.  Accumulation comes from a Latin word meaning "to heap up." The word continues to have this feeling of something growing upwards on top of itself, as if in a heap.

OR

The action or process of accumulating, state of being or having accumulated, a collecting together. Repeated exposures to a chemical or drug may result in the progressive increase of its concentration in an organism, organ or tissue.

An accumulation is a gathering or increase of something over time.  Accumulation comes from a Latin word meaning "to heap up." The word continues to have this feeling of something growing upwards on top of itself, as if in a heap.

OR

The action or process of accumulating, state of being or having accumulated, a collecting together. Repeated exposures to a chemical or drug may result in the progressive increase of its concentration in an organism, organ or tissue.