Ans. Stereotypes are characteristics imposed upon groups of people because of their race, nationality and sexual orientation, among others. But these characteristics tend to be oversimplifications of the groups involved.

For example, someone who meets a few individuals from a particular country and finds them to be quiet and reserved may spread the word that all citizens from the country in question are quiet and reserved.

Ans. The type and thickness of vegetation changes from place to place due to variation in temperature, altitude, thickness of soil and rainfall at different places.

Ans. Tropical deciduous trees shed their leaves in the dry season to survive harsh weather conditions and save water.

Ans. The animals in polar region have thick fur and thick skin to protect themselves from the cold climatic conditions.

Ans. On equator insolation comes through vertical rays. Due to the vertical path it reacts upon less space and hence, felt more intensive on equator. From equator towards poles insolation comes through slanting rays. These slanting rays come on earth passing longer distance through atmosphere. More heat is consumed in the space and atmosphere. It is because of these reasons that the amount of insolation decreases from equator towards poles.

The Saka calendar used as the official civil calendar in the country is the National Calendar of India. It is used in India besides the Gregorian calendar by the Gazette of India.The Saka calendar, often referred as the Hindu calendar is originally named as Saka Samvat. It is also used for the calculation days of religious significance in the Hindu Religion in the country.

RURAL SETTLEMENTS

A rural settlement is a community involved predominantly primary activities such as farming, lumbering and mining.

A rural settlement tends to have small population and low population density.

Rural areas include villages and hamlets.

Rural settlements are based more on natural resources and events.

URBAN SETTLEMENTS

An urban settlement engages  predominantly in secondary and tertiary activities such as food processing and banking, teaching, engineering.

Urban settlement often has a large population size and high population density.

Urban areas can include town and cities.

The urban population receives the benefits of man’s advancements in the areas of science and technology and is not nature-dependent for its day to day functions.

 

1) Weekly markets are not permanent structures rather they are held once a week.

2) The goods sold in weekly markets may not be of superior quality.

3) Exchange of goods is not possible in these markets as the seller may or may not put up the stall in that area on the assigned day.

4)These markets offer local goods rather than branded goods.

A member of a people widely scattered throughout the north-west of India and Pakistan.

The marketing supply chain is the chain of suppliers that an organization relies on to produce marketing materials  to market their products and services.

This is the age of internet.It has changed the mode of everything.We can make online purchases with the help of credit cards.We can make online purcases through phones,internet and the goods are delivered at our home.In nursing homes and clinics we may notice sales representatives waiting for the doctors.Such persons are also engaged in buying and selling of goods.Thus buying and selling can take place without going to the market place

Ans. These days the concept of ‘virtual market’ is very popular. People need not visit shops for purchasing products. They can order over phone or buy online using the internet. People use credit cards for making purchases online. The online ‘marketplaces’; like Flipkart, Amazon, etc. offer a range of products. Buying groceries and other essentials has also become very convenient with online shopping through Big Basket, Local Banya, Grofers, etc.

Ans. The banjaras were very important for the economy. They helped traders by working as carriers. At the same time they carried on their own trade and also transported food grains for the Mughal army during their campaigns.

A place where a buliding or a settlement develops is called it's site.

Ans. Chauth and Sardeshmukhi are types of taxes exclusively in Maratha Kingdom administration.

Both are kind of Security Taxes i.e Chauth is kind of tax which the small kingdoms or Dynasties have to pay to Marathas in order to protect their territory being invaded and conquered by Marathas.

Chauth is 25% of total revenue generated in the State and it is paid to the Marathas Sardas.

Sardeshmukhi is tax on Chauth i.e. Kingdom has to pay additional 10% tax on Chauth collected just to maintain the hereditary right of King on the Tax collection.

Th Marathi Army was strengthend by including European style infantry and Artillery and modernized his soldiers

The disadvantages of advertising ÷

1.It creates stereotype type thinking between boys and girls.

2. Every person cant afford branded items which creates discrimination in the society.

3. Advertisement create a discrimination through package/inpackaged item between rich and poor shopkeeper

Ans.Ashta Pradhan (also termed Asta Pradhad or the Council of 8) was a council of eight ministers that administered the Maratha empire. The council was formed in 1674 by their king, Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj.

Ans. The two Sayyid brothers were Abdulla Khan and Hussain Ali Khan. The exertions of these two brothers won Farrukh Siyar his empire. After Farrukh Siyar, the Sayyid Brothers placed Rafi-Ud-Darajat, the son of Rafi-ush-Shan to the throne on 28th February, 1719.

The Sayyid brothers absolutely controlled the activities of Rafi-Ud-Darajat. The Sayyid brothers carried on the administration in his name. After Rafi-ud-Darajat, Sayyid brothers placed Rafi-ud-daulah, brother of Rafi-Ud-Darajat, to the throne. Rafi-ud-daulah is also known as Shah Jahan II.

The Sayyids at last in 1719 set up Muhammad Shah as the Emperor.

As they were not the kings but they are the one who decided that who ll became Next king, that is the reason they are known as king makers.

Kharif Crops : The Kharif crop is the summer crop or monsoon crop in India.
Sown in : beginning of the first rains in July
Harvested : during the rainy (monsoon) season , between April and October. Major Kharif crops of India include rice, Millets (Bajra and Jowar), Maize, Mung bean, Groundnut, Red Chillies, Cotton, Soyabean, Sugarcane, Turmeric,Urad bean etc.

Rabi Crops: The Rabi crop is the spring harvest or winter crop in India.
Sown in: Winter ( Last of October)
Harvested in : Spring (March, April) Major Rabi crops in India include Wheat, Barley, Mustard, Gram, Sesame, Peas, Sunflower, Coriander, Tomato, Onion, Potato, Oat etc.

Zaid Crop: The crops grown on irrigated lands which do not have to wait for monsoons, in the short duration between Rabi and Kharif crop. Major Zaid crops in India are Watermelon, Muskmelon, , bitter gourd, pumpkin, cucumber etc.

Ans.The following seven Commandments form the part of code of conduct of the followers of Basavanna.

• Not steal
• Not kill
• No falsehood foul thy tongue
• Not anger burn thy brow
• Bear with one another
• Suffer all men
• Stand not high in thy own esteem.

The mughals were the descendants of two great lineagers.From their father's side they were the descendants of Timur and from their mother's side they were the descendants of Ghenkiskhan.

Most of the temples of bengal had four roofed structures with four triangular roofs moving upwards to converge at a point.

They were made of modest bricks and were of teracotta structure.

The outer walls depicted scenes from epics. 

Important architectural features of the temples of Bengal:

(i) The double-roofed(dochala) or four-roofed (chauchala) structure of the thatched huts.

(ii) Four triangular roofs were placed on the four walls move up to converge on a curved line or a point.

(iii) Temples were usually built on a square platform.

Settlements are places where peope build their homes to lives in. Early human beings did not need to develop settlements because they lived on trees and in caves. when they started to grow crops, it becames essentials to have a permanent home thus settlements began to grow near the river valleys as water was available and land was fertile. by and by settlements became larger because trade,commerce and manufacturing developed settlements can be permanent or temporary.

• Temporary Settlement : Settlements which are occupied for a short time are called temporary settlements.
• permanent Settlement : under permanent settlements people build homes to live in.

Sand dune is a hill of sand near an ocean or in a desert that is formed by the wind.It is a ridge of sand created by wind which is found in deserts or near lakes and oceans.

A sand  dune  is  a  mount,  hill  or  ridge  of  sand  that  lies  behind  the  part  of  the  beach  affected  by tides.  They  are  formed  over  many  years  when  windblown  sand  is  trapped  by  beach  grass  or  other stationary  objects.  Dune  grasses  anchor  the  dunes  with  their  roots,  holding  them  temporarily  in place,  while  their  leaves  trap  sand  promoting  dune  expansion.  Without  vegetation,  wind  and waves  regularly  change  the  form  and  location  of  dunes.  Dunes  are  not  permanent  structures.

Jun sunwai(Public hearing) was a method where detailed documents derived from official expenditure records were read aloud to the people of villages who gathered.In the form of hearing people are invited to give their testimonies which reveal difference in the official record and people's experience.

babur died on 26 december 1530

Babar died at the age of 47 (1483-1530)

Babur died at the age of 47 on 5 January [26 December 1530] 1531 and was succeeded by his eldest son, Humayun. After death, his body was moved to Kabul, Afghanistan, where it lies in Bagh-e Babur (Babur Gardens).

The Greek historian Herodotus called Egypt the "gift of the Nile", since the kingdom owed its survival to the annual flooding of the Nile and the resulting depositing of fertile silt. The Nile River flows into the Mediterranean Sea, and there is a delta at the mouth.

The Greek historian Herodotus called Egypt the gift of Nile.

Yes it is true. the greek historian Herodotus said that Egypt was the gift of the Nile.