The Sun formed about 4.6 billion years ago from the collapse of part of a giant molecular cloud that consisted mostly of hydrogen and helium and that probably gave birth to many other stars.

Auberon Waugh, British author and journalist

A natural magnet is a magnet that occurs naturally in nature. All natural magnets are permanent magnets, meaning they will never lose their magnetic power.

Natural magnets can be found in sandy deposits in various parts of the world. The strongest natural magnet material is lodestone, also called magnetite. This mineral is black in color and very shiny when polished. The lodestone was actually used in the very first compasses ever made. Because natural magnets are permanent magnets, if lodestone is allowed to freely spin, its north pole will always align itself with the Earth's geographic north pole.

In ancient India society was based upon the varna (class/colour) in which people were classified into four classes(varna) with relation to their aptitude and vocation.

Four orders of society were recognized based upon the four duties of human beings and established society accordingly.

These four groups were

1. The Brahmins, the priests or spiritual class.
2. The Kshatriya, the nobility or ruling class.
3. The Vaishya, the merchants and farmers.
4. The Shudras or servants.

These four orders of society were called "varna", which has two meanings; first it means "color"; and second it means a "veil". As color it does not refer to the color of the skin of people, but to the qualities or energies of human nature. As a veil it shows the four different ways in which the Divine Self is hidden in human beings.

Caste and Varna in Hinduism

In ancient India, these divisions were not based on birth but based on qualifications. According to the Bhagavad Gita this Aryan family system broke down in India over three thousand years ago at the time of Krishna. Hence after three thousand years this system of determining natural aptitude has degenerated into the caste system which resembles it now only in form.

An urban settlement is a densely populated area comprising mostly man-made structures that contain all of a society's administrative, cultural, residential and religious functions. In some countries, like the Soviet Union and India, official urban municipalities may be considered an urban settlement if they meet population and density criteria set by the country's government.

Population

Depending on the country in which it is located, an urban settlement could have a population of just a few thousand. In more developed countries, an area is not considered urban until it has at least 20,000 people. The majority of the population must sustain itself without relying on agricultural occupations for work.

Density

In the United States, the U.S. Census Bureau defines an urban area as having more than 50,000 people and at least 1,000 people per square mile. Since 2000, the bureau bases its classification solely on population density regardless if the area is incorporated or unincorporated as a municipality.

Economics

Since the majority of people living in an urban settlement work outside agriculture, professional occupations and industrial manufacturing provide the economy's basis. A centralized government and banking system exist with residents relying on a cash or credit system as opposed to barter.

Size

An urban settlement's size depends largely on its population, with the area growing as more people settle there. Most countries have very specific population minimums before a settlement is considered urban; but a town, a city and a metropolitan area are a few types of urban settlements. Some countries define town and city differently based on size and population, and others use the terms interchangeably. As more people arrive, the number and types of services increase, which creates a pattern of development.

Accountability is an assurance that an individual or an organization will be evaluated on their performance or behavior related to something for which they are responsible.

The term is related to responsibility but seen more from the perspective of oversight. An employee may be responsible, for example, for ensuring that a response to an RFP (request for proposals) meets all the stipulated requirements. In the event that the task is not performed satisfactorily, there may or may not be consequences. Accountability, on the other hand, means that the employee is held responsible for successfully completing the task and will have to at least explain why they failed to do so.

Independent media operates free of any influence from both the government and the corporate sector.

Here are a few defining aspects of Independent Media:

• Report news in-depth, without opinions
• Common interest stories and events
• Provide the people with facts and facts alone
• Data-driven journalism, that is, use facts and verifiable data
• Their stories often take shape of long investigative stories
• Offer plurality in diversity in voices
• Talk about issues that would otherwise be swept under the rug

When people get information from independent sources, they are encouraged to think critically and form their own opinions, making independent media vital for any democracy.

Commercial and non-commercial advertising are both strategies that are designed to reach the public and motivate them to become more interested in the subject matter of the advertisements.

1. Commercial advertising has to do with selling goods and services, while non-commercial advertising is more about providing information and motivating people to act after being exposed to that information.
2.  With commercial advertising, the idea is to sell something to a consumer that will allow the manufacturer of the product to earn a return from that sale. Advertisements for consumer goods like electronics, food products, and even vacation packages are all marketed and sold as part of a commercial advertising campaign. By contrast, non-commercial advertising is about sharing information that hopefully people will put to good use. For example, a non-profit may implement an advertising campaign to increase public awareness and education about a certain health issue.
3. It is often easiest to consider the  commercial as being targeted to generate sales and revenue. At the same time, the non commercial is focused more on educating people and providing them with opportunities to act on that acquired knowledge.

1. Though there was political instability amoung rulers in India, there was growth in econimic prosperity.
2. For example, Surat was the gateway for trade with West Asia and also been called the gate to Mecca because many pilgrim ships set sail fron here.
3. All kinds of people of all castes and creed lived here.
4. In the 17th century, Portuguese, Dutch, English had their factories and warehouses in Surat.
5. According to an Englidh chronicler who wrote accounts on activities on port, started that hundred ships of different countries can be anchored at the port at any given time.
6. The textile of Surat were famous for their gold lace borders (zari)and had a market in West Asia, Africa and Europe.
7. The seths or mahajans had huge banking houses in Surat and city also had magnificient buildings and many parks.