A mineral acid (or inorganic acid) is an acid derived from one or more inorganic compounds. All mineral acids form hydrogen ions and the conjugate base ions when dissolved in water. Commonly used mineral acids are sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid. Acetic acid and tartaric acid are organic acids.

Roots of pulses (leguminous plants) have a symbiotic association with a bacterium called Rhizobium which fixes nitrogen. Hence, farmers need not use nitrogenous fertilisers.

Plants such as grams and pulses have a special type of bacteria in their roots which transforms atmospheric nitrogen into compound. and therefore there is no need of nitrogenous fertilizers.
That is, the pulses and grams' roots (leguminous plants) have a symbiotic relation to a bacteria known as  "Rhizobium" that fixes nitrogen. Therefore, farmers do not use nitrogenous fertilisers at the time of cultivation.

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Parasitic plants are ones that are parasitic on other plants, meaning they have a negative one way interaction with its host. One example would be mistletoe plants grown on a variety of tree species such as cottonwoods.

An insectivorous plant is a plant that consumes insects. They are more commonly known as carnivorous plants. Example- pitcher plant

An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced by an electric current.

(i) Take a long piece of insulated wire and an iron nail.
(ii) Wind the wire tightly around the nail.
(iii) Connect the free ends of the wire to the terminals of a cell through a switch.
(iv) Place some pins on or near the end of the nail and switch on the current. The pins cling to the tip of the nail.
(v) The coil behaves like a magnet till the current flows through it.

By the 1960s, diesel was replacing gasoline as the primary fuel, although gasoline was often an option into the 1970s. Today, gasoline is only used in lawn tractors or other small equipment. Liquified propane, or LP, gas was commonly used in the 1950s and 1960s as fuel for farm tractors. The equivalent PTO power is then divided by the rated maximum PTO Power to get a percent load for the engine. (gal/h) Qs = specific volumetric fuel consumption for the given tractor, L/KW × h(gal/hp×h) Page 19 14 PT is total tractor power (PTO equivalent) for the particular operation, KW(hp).

The process by which green plants make their own food (like glucose) from carbon dioxide and water by using sunlight energy (in the presence of chlorophyll) is called photosynthesis.

Carbon dioxide + Water →  Glucose + Oxygen.

The process of photosynthesis takes place in the leaves of a plant.

Radiation can be described as energy or particles from a source that travel through space or other mediums. Light, heat, microwaves and wireless communications are all forms of radiation. This includes the following:

• Particle Radiation: such as alpha radiation (α), beta radiation (β), and neutron radiation.
• Gravitational Radiation: such as radiation that takes the form of gravitational waves, or ripples in the curvature of space-time.
• Acoustic Radiation: such as ultrasound, sound, and seismic waves.
• Electromagnetic radiation: such as radio waves, visible light, x-rays, and gamma radiation (γ).

The River Nile is the longest river in the world.
It measures 6,695 kilometres from its source in Burundi, along the White Nile, to its delta on the Mediterranean Sea.

Pseudopods are actually extensions of the cytoplasm, or the thick liquid that is inside organisms like amoeba. The organism can change the shape of the pseudopod, making it move, appear, and disappear. The pseudopods are used in movement and as a tool to capture prey. The functions of pseudopodia include locomotion and ingestion: Pseudopodia are critical in sensing targets which can then be engulfed; the engulfing pseudopodia are called phagocytosis pseudopodia. A common example of this type of amoeboid cell is the macrophage.

rearing of silk worm 

The term sericulture is use for rearing of silk worm 

Laboratory Thermometer: Laboratory thermometer is used to measure the temperature. The scale of temperature is graduated generally from –10°C to 110°C over the glass tube. Each division of temperature scale is further divided into 10 parts to read fraction of temperature.

Clinical Thermometer: Clinical thermometer is used to measure the body temperature. The scale of temperature is graduated from 35°C to 42°C and or from 94°F to 108°F. The temperature of human body always remains within this range and this is the range on the clinical thermometer. There is a kink near the bulb of clinical thermometer which prevents the automatic fall of mercury level.

Digital Thermometer: In digital thermometer, reading of temperature is displayed digitally as in digital watches. This is safer because no mercury is used in this. It is important to note that mercury is a highly toxic substance.

Lichen is an amalgamation of two organisms namely symbiotic cuscuta. Fungus and algae are combined to deliver food to the plant. Fungus helps to harvest the sugar to generate chemicals that permeate through the cells.

Autotrophic Nutrition

Auto means self and trophos means nourishment. Plants are called autotrophs because they make their food themselves. The making of food for themselves is called the Autotrophic nutrition. Autotrophic nutrition is found in green plants, and in some bacteria.

Heterotrophic Nutrition

The word Heterotrophic is the combination of two words i.e. Hetero + Trophos. Hetero means ‘others’ and ‘trophos’ means nourishment. If organisms depend on others for their food, such a mode of nutrition is called Hetetrophic Nutrition.

Animals cannot make their food themselves. They depend for food upon plants. Therefore, nutrition in animals is called Hetetrophic Nutrition. Animals are known as Heterotrophs.

Saprotrophic Nutrition

The uptake of nutrients by organism from dead and decaying matter in the form of solution is called the saprotrophic nutrition. The organisms which use saprotrophic mode of nutrition are called saprotrophs. For example: fungi.

The conditions for photosynthesis are sunlight, chlorophyll, carbon dioxide and water.

Factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis are (i) Light (ii) Carbon dioxide (iii) Water (iv) Temperature (v) Mineral elements.

The process of photosynthesis takes place in the green leaves of a plant. The carbon dioxide gas required for making food is taken by the plant leaves from the air which enters the leaves through tiny pores called stomata. Water required for making food is taken from the soil which is transported to the leaves from the soil through the roots and the stem. The sunlight provides energy required to carry out the chemical reactions involved in the preparation of food. The green pigment called chlorophyll absorbs sunlight energy.

The main difference between total parasite and partial parasite is that the total parasite totally depends on the host for its growth, survival, and reproduction whereas the partial parasite depends on the host only for a certain requirement of their life such as water and shelter.

The life processes that provides energy is called nutrition.