The hymns were composed by sages (rishi); who were highly learned men. Some of the hymns were also composed by women. An older form of Sanskrit was used for writing the Rigvedas. The Sanskrit which we use today is entirely different from the Sanskrit in the Rigveda.

Monuments and Inscription are two archaeological souces of information. Archaeological sources include buildings, houses, pottery, seals , coins, monuments , writings and paintings on stones or walls , tools, jewellery, bones, leftovers, pieces of metals and other artefacts.Monuments are old buildings or other old structures which are important for their historic connection or legacy and inscriptions are writings on seals,temple walls,stones or pillars , wooden tablets, bricks and images.

Asteroid orbit the Sun and are small bodies on the solar system. They are made up of metals and rocks and also consists of organic compounds. They are similar to comets but don’t have a coma-like comet. Asteroids tend to have shorter and elliptical orbits. Astronomers have discovered millions of asteroids some that measure hundreds of kilometers across and some as small as dust particles.

A rotation is a circular movement of an object around a centre of rotation. If three-dimensional objects like earth, moon and other planets always rotate around an imaginary line, it is called a rotation axis. The axis passes through the body's centre of mass, the body is said to rotate upon itself or spin. Earth's rotation is the rotation of Planet Earth around its own axis. Earth rotates eastward, in prograde motion. As viewed from the north pole star Polaris, Earth turns counterclockwise. ... The South Pole is the other point where Earth's axis of rotation intersects its surface, in Antarctica.

Ladakh is known as Little Tibet.

Diversity makes people of different cultures, ethnic backgrounds, religions, and classes interact and learn from each other. It makes us respect other humans, not just people of our own “type”. Empathy towards other humans increases. I have found cultural mixing very enriching. Diversity add a various variety styles in our lives.It tells us many things that we didn't know. Moreover diversity adds happiness in our lives. Diversity provides knowledge, excitement, and understanding to our lives. If you stay in your home town for your entire life, you will do the same things again and again.

Venus

Venus. It is the second closest planet to the sun. It is similar to earth in shape and size. It is called “Earth's twin”.

Archaeologists reconstruct the past by a study of the artefacts which they unearth such as seals, coins, remains of buildings, clay, pots or burnt grains. Archaeologist reconstruct the past in the following ways:

• Archaeologists excavate the ancient sites. They try to find about the life of the people by studying various unearthed artefacts such as remains of houses, pots, jewellery, coins, agricultural tools, weighs etc.
• Zooarchaeologists study the animal bones and try to find out if these animals were domesticated. For example, Animal bones found at Harappan sites include those of cattle, sheep, goat, buffalo and pig. It show us that the Harappans were aware of these animal.
• Archaeologists try to find about the prevalence of agriculture by finding the remains of burnt grains. Some ways by which they try to find about the agricultural practices is by studying seals and terracotta sculptures. For example, representations on seals and terracotta sculpture indicate that the bull was known, and archaeologists extrapolate from this that oxen were used for ploughing.
• Archaeologists also try to find about social or economic differences amongst people in the past by studying burial sites. When graves contain pottery and ornaments, it indicate that people during that time believed in afterlife.
• Archaeologists try to look for raw material such as stone nodules, whole shells, copper ore; tools; unfinished objects; rejects and waste materials to identify the centres of craft production.
• Religious beliefs of the people can be reconstructed based on the study of seals and coins. In the Harappan Civilisation, some seals depicted rituals while some seals had plat motifs on them indicating nature worship.

A comet is a ball of mostly ice that moves around in outer space. Comets are often described as "dirty snowballs". The orbital inclinations of comets are usually high and not near the ecliptic where most solar system objects are found. Most of them are long-period comets and come from the Kuiper belt. The word comet comes from the Greek word Kometes meaning long hair. This is because of how a comet's tail can look like long flowing locks of hair. Like asteroids, comets are leftovers from the formation of the Solar System.

Grid is the network of lines formed by the combination of parallels of latitudes and longitudes on the globe. It is useful for locating various places exactly on the globe or map.

The system formed by the sun, eight planets, satellites, asteroids and various other celestial bodies is called the Solar System. The sun is at the centre of the solar system.

The Paleolithic lasted from 2.6 million years ago to about 12,000 years ago. The word Palaeolithic derives from the Greek: palaios (old) and lithikos (relating to or composed of stone), means 'old age of the stone'. It is also more generally associated with the cultures and lifestyles of the hunter-gatherers who produced stone tools.

Article 14 of the Indian Constitution essentially guarantees equality before the law. ... Article 14 is applicable not just to Indian citizens but also extends benefits of equality to anyone within Indian territory, even a foreigner. Article 32 of the Indian Constitution confers 'mandatory power' on the Honorable Supreme Court of India to issue writs in case of violation of the Fundamental Rights (FRs). ... by law or constitution). And some of the FRs are available for both citizens and foreigners (or non- citizens) and not enemy aliens.

Stars: Stars are very big and hot celestial bodies made up of gases.
They have their own heat and light, which they emit in large amounts.
Planets: Planets are celestial bodies, usually smaller than stars.
They do not have their own heat and light. They are lit by the light of stars.

The rich heritage of diversity in India adds variety to our life and enriches our lives in many ways: Diversity teaches us to be open-minded and tolerant as we learn many things from each other and share our experiences. We celebrate different festivals together and learn different languages, cultures etc. The people of India belong to different castes and races, and embrace different religions. The inhabitants of the India and greatly dfferent from another in dress, customs and eating habits. ... So we think that living in India with its rich heritage of diversity adds great experience in our life.

The Indian plate is separated from rest of Asia by Himalayas, Karakoram and Hindu Kush mountain ranges in north and is bounded on West by Arabian sea, on east by bay of Bengal, and in south by Indian ocean. This facilitated development of distinct culture that is common to South Asians. India is often called a subcontinent because it is a distinct landmass, not just a country. ... A place is classed as a subcontinent when it is part of a continent but is considered either geographically or politically as an independent entity or it is smaller than a continent.

By studying pottery ,ornaments and weapons we get information about our past like how people lived, what ornaments they wore on special occasions and what sort of weopans used to kill wild animals

 Many of the manuscripts were written in Sanskrit, Prakrit .

 Manuscripts were written on palm leaves and on bark of birch tree, while inscriptions were made on stone slabs and pillars.

The different phases of the moon are caused by the angle from which an observer on earth can see the moon illuminated by the sun as it orbits our planet. As the moon makes its way around the earth a person can look up in the sky and see various fractions of its surface reflecting sunlight.

Don't forget the days of blood, O friend 
In the midst of your happiness remember  to shed a tear for us 
The hunter has tom away every single flower
Do plant a flower in the desert garden dear friend
Having fallen to bullets we slept in Jallianwala Bagh
Do light a lamp on this lonely grave O  friend
The blood of Hindus and Muslims flows together today.
Do soak your robe in this river of blood dear friend
Some rot in jails while others lie in their graves 
Do shed a few tears for them O friend.
The underlined line reflects India's unity. When it came to struggling for freedom of the country, the Hindus and Muslims came together to fight and their blood flows together.

Gender Discrimination is the type of discrimination which is based on the gender of the person. Usually women are treated differently and unequal than men in their education, career, economic advancement and political influences. It is a common type of discrimination that is happening throughout the world, even in the developed countries.