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Kritika Trehan 8 years, 2 months ago
Emperor: the ruler of empire. Empire: a group of countries that are controlled by one ruler / government. King: the (male) ruler of an independent state / country that has a royal family. Kingdom: a country ruled by a king (or queen).
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Kritika Trehan 8 years, 2 months ago
uddha himself did not write anything. The essence of his teachings is contained in the Sermon of "Setting in Motion the Wheel of Righteousness".
He exhorts those who wish to lead a religious life to avoid the two extremes of self indulgence and self mortification and to follow the middle way.
He enunciates the four nobel truths (1) the first truth is about the existence of suffering and unhappiness in the world (2) the second truth declares the cause of suffering and unhappiness is selfish craving (3) the third truth gives the assurance that selfish craving and unhappiness can be destroyed (4) the fourth truth shows the way leading to the removal of sorrow and1 unhappiness and the realization of peace and happiness.
Buddha gives the wonderful exposition of the Eightfold Path leading to the end of suffering and unhappiness. Buddhas's first important doctrine is that everything in the realm of phenomenal existence is in change and is transitory.
He taught that a man is responsible for his own actions. His happiness and unhappiness are a result of his own thoughts and deeds. Buddha often referred to the Dharma, the true faith as Brahmanacariyam the way of Brahma.
He said that one who leads a noble true life will after death become united with Brahman. The goal of all Buddhism as of all religions is Nirvana which is the original message of the Buddha meaning soul's return to God, the union of the finite with the infinite.
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Kritika Trehan 8 years, 2 months ago
Pilgrims are men and women who undertake journeys to holy places in order to offer worship. The Chinese pilgrims like Xuan-Zang came to visit places associated with the life of Buddha as well as the famous monasteries. They also spent time studying in the monasteries. Xuan-Zang and other pilgrims spent time studying in Nalanda (Bihar).
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Kritika Trehan 8 years, 2 months ago
Magadha was the most powerful of all Mahajanapads. Its location near Ganga river and Son river ensured fertility of soil.
Their location was excellent. Magadha was surrounded by beautiful hills, on which most of their military could be stationed. It had abundant natural resources. Thus, prosperity was sure to exist.
Chanakya, the brilliant strategist, economist and the guru of Chandragupta Maurya, was born in Magadha only.
The kings of Magadha maintained a very powerful military.
It was Magadha only, whose army’s tales of victories and their giant size evaporated the courage of Alexander’s army. Infact, Magadha had the strongest standing army at that time, with 200,000 infantry, 80,000 cavalry, 8000 chariots and 6000 war elephants.
Magadha started coming into prominence from 600 BCE onwards.
Several centuries later, Mughals conquered it, but by then Magadha had long lost its eminence.
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