A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, often a state.[1] In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, administration, and judiciary. Government is a means by which state policies are enforced, as well as a mechanism for determining the policy.

While all types of organizations have governance, the word government is often used more specifically to refer to the approximately 200 independent national governments on Earth, as well as subsidiary organizations.[2]

Historically prevalent forms of government include aristocracy, timocracy, oligarchy, democracy and tyranny.

This civilization is said to have come to an abrupt end. The following reasons are put forward for its abrupt end:

1. The neighboring desert encroached on the fertile area and made it infertile.
2. Regular floods destroyed the area.
3. Aryan invaders killed people and destroyed the Indus Valley Civilization. The Harappan people were peace loving. They did not have weapons to attack others or to defend themselves. They had implements for hunting or farming. So they could not defend themselves against the invaders. The destruction of these people by Aryans was a sad event in history. The Aryans lived in villages and knew nothing of urban life. Thus it took hundred of years again for India to have beautiful cities like Mohen-jo-daro and Harappa.
4. The end was partly caused by changing river patterns. These changes included the drying up of the Hakra River and changes in the course of the Indus River. The river changes disrupted agricultural and economic systems, and many people left the cities of the Indus Valley region.
5. Earthquakes and Epidemics caused destruction.

By 1700 B.C., the Indus civilization had gradually broken up into smaller cultures, called late Harappan cultures and post-Harappan cultures. However, some aspects of Indus art, agriculture, and possibly social organization continued in the smaller cultures. Some of these aspects became incorporated into a unified urban civilization that began developing throughout the region about 600 B.C. 

<i>Conclusion</i>: 

The Indus Valley people gave to the world its earliest cities, its town planning, its architecture in stone and clay, and showed their concern for health and sanitation. They built a scientific drainage system in their cities.

There is enough evidence to show that some of the early conceptions of Hinduism are derived from this culture. On the whole, the present civilization is a composite product resulting from a fusion of several cultures where the contribution of the Indus Valley is of utmost importance. 

Following are the groups that were not participate in the assemblies of the ganas

1. Women
2. Dasas / slaves
3. Kammakaras

The following table gives the Edict number and what it talks about.

Wheat is cultivated in my region. The labourers ploughing the field, filling the fields with water, weeding and harvesting.  

Bimbisara also known as Seniya or Shrenika in the Jain histories was a King of Magadha and belonged to the Haryanka dynasty. He was the son of Bhattiya.Bimbisara ( c. 558 – c. 491 BC or during the late 5th century BC) also known as Seniya or Shrenika in the Jain histories was a King of Magadha ( r . 543 – 492 BC or c. 400 BC) and belonged to the Haryanka dynasty. He was the son of Bhattiya.

A dynasty is a sequence of rulers from the same family, usually in the context of a feudal or monarchical system, but sometimes also appearing in elective republics. The dynastic family or lineage may be known as a house, which may be styled as royal, princely, ducal, comital, etc.

Dynasty : A dynasty is a series of rulers of a country who all belong to the same family.

The Janapadas were the realms, republics and kingdoms of the Vedic period on the Indian subcontinent late Bronze Age into the Iron Age from about 1200 BCE to the 6th century BCE. Concluding with the rise of sixteen Mahajanapadas (great janapadas), most of the states were later annexed by more powerful neighbours, whilst others remained independent.

A subsidy is a benefit given to an individual, business or institution, usually by the government. It is usually in the form of a cash payment or a tax reduction. The subsidy is typically given to remove some type of burden, and it is often considered to be in the overall interest of the public, given to promote a social good or an economic policy.

A subsidy is a form of financial aid or support extended to an economic sector (or institution, business, or individual) generally with the aim of promoting economic and social policy.

Subsidy is a transfer of money from the government to an entity. It leads to a fall in the price of the subsidised product. Description: The objective of subsidy is to bolster the welfare of the society.

Municipal councillor :The elected ward Councillor, in a city.Councillors are typically elected as members of political parties or alternatively as independents. Once elected, they are meant to represent all the residents under the whole authority, not just those who voted for them or just those in the district or ward they were elected in. They are bound by a code of conduct enforced by standards boards.

Siddhartha Gautama was the historical founder of Buddhism. He was born a Kshatriya warrior prince in Lumbini, Shakya Republic, which was part of the Kosala realm of ancient India. He is also known as the Shakyamuni.

Coloration or patterns that help an animal to appear to blend with its surroundings. Camouflage is common among invertebrates. It is also common in a variety of other animals (it is be used by prey to help hide from predators and it is used by predators to help them conceal themselves as they stalk their prey).

Camouflage is the method which allows an otherwise visible organism or object to remain indiscernible from the surrounding environment.

Examples include a tiger's stripes and the battledress of a modern soldier.

Camouflage is a form of deception.

Different aspects of animal camouflage exist due to difference in the sensory abilities of different animals.

Some animals use mimicry, seeming to be something else, such as a leaf, a stone, a twig, or a similar but more dangerous/poisonous animal.