Earth is the planet on which we live. People usually say Earth when they are referring to the planet as part of the universe, and the Earth when they are talking about the planet as the place where we live. The earth is the land surface on which we live and move about.

24 October 1945, San Francisco, California, United States

History can be generally defined as the past, and how past relates to the human lives. The main difference between history and prehistory is the existence of records; history is the recorded events of the past whereas Prehistory is the time before writing was introduced. Therefore, it is clear that prehistory, as the name suggests, is the time period before history.

Parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: representing the electorate, making laws, and overseeing the government via hearings and inquiries. 

Nirvana Day is an annual Buddhist festival that remembers the death of the Buddha when he reached Nirvana at the age of 80. It is also known as Parinirvana Day. It is celebrated by some Buddhists on February 15th. Nirvana is believed to be the end of the cycle of death and rebirth.

The Preamble of Indian Constitution:
Preamble declares India to be a sovereign, socialist, secular and democratic republic. The objectives stated by the Preamble are to secure justice, liberty, equality to all citizens and promote fraternity to maintain unity and integrity of the nation.

The Indian National Army was an armed force formed by Indian nationalists in 1942 in Southeast Asia during World War II. I

The Swadeshi Movement was a movement that was launched against the decision of the British Government to divide Bengal along communal lines. Although the official reason was 'administrative efficiency', the Congress leaders knew this was a ploy to weaken the National Movement by dividing Bengal and sow seeds of communalism among Hindus and Muslims. As a form of political protest therefore, the Congress launched the Boycott and Swadeshi Movement. While the former strategy sought to boycott all British manufactured products, the latter concentrated on the promotion of indigenous products and production processes. This policy was aimed at rendering the colonial machinery non-functional.

The Revolt of 1857 (Also regarded as India's First War of Independece) was an extremely important event in Indian history. It was initiated by the sepoy of the company which arouses the accumulated grievances of the people against the Company's administration and of their dislike for the foreign regime.

"Divide and Rule" policy is the policy under which the rulers divide people in small groups, so they cannot rebel against the state. These policies were followed by many European states in order to colonize developing or underdeveloped countries. The British used the same policy in India.

The partition of Bengal was seen as the British tactic of 'Divide and rule policy'. The reason for such a partition was stated as to run the administration smoothly but in reality an attempt was made by the British to dilute the demand for independence. Later Bengal was united once again in 1911.

The Poona Pact refers to an agreement between B. R. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi on behalf of depressed classes and upper caste Hindu leaders on the reservation of electoral seats for the depressed classes in the legislature of British India government.

The Social, economic and political conditions in Russia before 1905 was backward:

Social Conditions: 85% of Russia's population was agriculturist. The industries were there, but rarely they were privately owned. Workers were divided on the basis of their occupation. They mainly migrated to cities for employment in factories. The peasant community was deeply religious but did not care much about the nobility. They believed that land must be divided amongst themselves.

Economic Condition: Russia was going through a bad period economically. Prices of essential good rise while real wages decreased by 20% leading to the famous St. Petersburg strike. This strike started a series of events that are together known as the 1905 Revolution. During this revolution, there were strikes all over the country, universities closed down, and various professionals and workers established the Union of Unions, demanding the establishment of a constituent assembly.

Political Condition: Political parties were illegal before 1914. The Russian Social Democratic Workers Party was founded in 1898 by socialists who respected Marx’s ideas. In 1903, this party was divided into two groups - Mensheviks and Bolsheviks. The Bolsheviks, who were in majority, were led by Lenin who is regarded as the greatest thinker on socialism after Marx.

The East India Company was an English company formed for the exploitation of trade with East and Southeast Asia and India. Incorporated by royal charter on December 31, 1600, it was started as a monopolistic trading body so that England could participate in the East Indian spice trade.