Please send chapter 13. Notes please

Whic subject

What is Magnet? Objects, which attract magnetic materials like cobalt, nickel and iron are called as a magnet. The ancient, elderly, Greek shepherd was the first person to discover mineral. It is a naturally occurring mineral called magnetite. Therefore, this naturally occurring mineral – magnet was named by the discoverer’s name. The magnets, obtained naturally from a Magnetite rock, are called as the natural magnets and those magnets prepared by the combination of certain mineral ores are called as the artificial magnets. Magnetic Materials: Cobalt, nickel and iron are some examples of Magnetic Materials. These materials easily attract a magnet. Non-magnetic Materials: Aluminium, zinc, wood, and rubber are called the Non-magnetic Materials, as these materials are not attracted towards the magnet even when they are brought closer to the magnets. To know more about Magnet, visit the link Types of Magnets There are different types of magnets and are classified based on their shapes. The different types of magnets include – bar magnet, dumb-bell shaped magnet, horseshoe magnet, cylindrical magnet, etc. Magnetic compass The magnetic compass is a simple device, which has been used from the ancient times by the sailors and other travellers to find directions. A magnetic compass is composed of a small box with a glass top and a magnetic needle, which moves and indicates the directions. Introduction Magnet and magnetite Substances that attract materials like iron, nickel etc. Magnets occur naturally as a particular type of rock. This rock is called magnetite. Discovery of Magnets Greeks used the term magnet in six hundred B.C. for the mysterious stone that seemed to attract iron and other materials. It was first discovered by a Greek shepherd named Magnes (hence the terminology), when his stick that had an iron end got stuck to a rock. To know more about Discovery of Magnets, visit the link below; Discovery of Magnets Magnetic and non-magnetic materials Materials that get attracted towards a magnet are called magnetic materials. E.g. iron, cobalt or nickel. Materials that do not get attracted by a magnet are nonmagnetic materials. E.g. wood, plastic etc. Poles of a Magnet Every magnet is bipolar, i.e. they have 2 poles at the extremities. This can be seen by spreading iron filings around a magnet. These filings arrange themselves in a pattern which is mostly dense towards the two ends of a magnet. These poles are called North and South poles of a magnet.  To know more about Magnetic Poles, visit here. How to Find Your Way Using a Magnet Magnetic poles of the Earth Earth has 2 geographic poles, north and south poles. They are the Arctic (South pole of the earth’s magnet) and Antarctica (North Pole of the earth’s magnet). Earth’s magnetic poles are near but not exactly in the same place as the geographic poles. A magnetic compass aligns itself towards the magnetic north pole of the earth.  To know more about Earth’s Magnetism, visit here. Using magnets to find directions When a bar magnet is suspended freely by a thread, it aligns Can You Make Your Own Magnet? Making a magnet The magnetic material can be made into a magnet by rubbing a magnet on the surface of the magnetic material. This creates an influence, where the particles inside the material align themselves like the poles of a magnet. Microscopic cause of magnetism Each particle in a magnetic material behaves somewhat like a bar magnet. They are normally aligned randomly within the material. But under the influence of a stronger magnet, they realign themselves according to the stronger magnet’s field. Loss of magnetic property The magnetic property of a magnet is lost on: Heating Hammering or hitting Dropping Do Opposites Really Attract? Attraction and Repulsion between Magnets Like poles repel each other, while unlike poles attract each other.