List the types of industries.(chapter 5 …

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List the types of industries.(chapter 5 geography)

Posted by Sana Ms 3 years, 11 months ago

CBSE > Class 08 > Social Science

1 answers

Gaurav Seth 3 years, 11 months ago

ndustries are divided on the basis of raw material, size, and ownership.

Raw Material:
- Raw materials are basic material used in any industry and they can be classified on the basis of raw materials.
- Industries under this are of agro-based(depends of agriculture products), mineral-based (based on mines),marine-based(water-based) and forest-based.
Size of Industries: Size refers to the amount of capital invested, number of people employed and the volume of production.
- Industries based on size are classified into small scale and large scale industries.
- Small Scale Industries:
  - Small scale industries manufacture products by hand and include cottage and household industry. These industries use lesser amount of capital and technology. For example, Basket-weaving, pottery, and other handicraft industries.
  - In India, small scale industry gives employment to around 35% population.
- Large Scale Industries:
  - Large scale industries produce large volumes of products. The investment of capital is higher and technology is superior. For example, production of automobiles and heavy machinery.
  - After independence, India gave emphasis to this sector for development.
- Most developed nations shows existence of large scale industries on the other hand more small scale industries are exist in developing and under developed world.
Ownership: On the basis of ownership, industries can be classified into the following sectors:
- Private Sector Industries are owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals. For example, Bharat Heavy Electrical Ltd., Indian Oil Cooperation.
- Public sector industries are owned and operated by the government. For example, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited and Steel Authority of India Limited.
- Joint Sector Industries are owned and operated by the state and individuals or a group of individuals. For example Maruti Udyog Limited.
- Cooperative Sector Industries: These industries are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both. For example Anand Milk Union Limited and Sudha Dairy. Initially, in India most of the industries were under public sector but with passage of time privatisation was done at extensive level.