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What are the main parts of …

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What are the main parts of the human eye explain their functioning
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Yogita Ingle 3 years, 11 months ago

Eyes are the sense organs which give us the sense of vision. The human eye is almost spherical in shape. Following are the main structures in the human eye.

Cornea: The eyeball is covered with a tough layer. This layer is transparent on the front. This transparent portion is called cornea.

Iris: Iris is a thin circular structure. It works like the shutter of a camera. It controls the amount of light entering the eye. The colour of iris imparts distinct colour to the eyes of an individual. A person with blue iris has blue eyes.

Pupil: There is a hole in the centre of iris. This is called pupil. Light enters the eye through the pupil. When the light is bright, iris contracts and thus allows less light into the eye. When the light is dim, iris dilates and thus allows more light into the eye.

Lens: Lens is present behind the pupil. The lens in the human eye is a convex lens. The size and thickness of the lens change as per the distance of an object.

Retina: Retina is at the back of the eye and marks the inner layer of the eyeball. Images are formed on the retina and thus it works like a screen. There are photosensitive cells in the retina. These cells are of two types, which are as follows:

  • Cone Cells: The cone cells are sensitive to bright light. They also give the sense of colour.
  • Rod Cells: The rod cells are sensitive to dim light.

Optic Nerve: The optic nerve emerges from the back of the eye ball. This nerve goes to the brain.

Blind Spot: The junction of retina and the optic nerve is called the blind spot. There is no photosensitive cell at this spot, and hence no image is formed at this spot on the retina.

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