Explain the various separation technique which …

Filtration is a method for separating an insoluble solid from a liquid. When a mixture of sand and water is filtered: the sand stays behind in the filter paper (it becomes the residue ) the water passes through the filter paper (it becomes the filtrate ). Sedimentation is the deposition of a solid matter at the bottom of a liquid. Suppose in a liquid some solid particles are suspended into it and this liquid is allowed to stand for sometime then the heavier particles will sink to the bottom of the beaker. The two layers are obtained after the process of sedimentation. The upper layer is of clear liquid and the lower layer is of sediment having solid matter. This upper layer is poured into another beaker to separate it from sediment. Such a process of pouring out of a liquid from a vessel without disturbing the sediment is called decantation. For example, a mixture of sand and water contains sand particles suspended in water. This sand can be separated by the process of decantation. The method of decantation can be used for separating two immiscible liquids like water and oil. 
Filtration is used for separating insoluble substances from a liquid. The mixture of insoluble solid and the liquid is poured into a filter paper cone fixed in a funnel using a glass rod. The liquid passes through the filter paper and gets collected in a beaker kept below the funnel.

 The solid particles which do not pass through the filter paper and remains behind on the filter paper, is called residue and the clear liquid is called filtrate.

Example - The tea leaves are separated from prepared tea by the method of filtration.