Explain Nij Cultivation and their problems …

Under nij cultivation, the planter produced indigo in lands that the directly controlled. He either bought the land or rented it from other zamindars and produced indigo by directly employing hired labours: Nij cultivation had its drawbacks:
(a) The planters found it difficult to expand the area under nij cultivation. Indigo could be cultivated only on fertile lands these were already densely populated. Hence, the planters attempted to lease in the land around the indigo factory and evict the peasants from the area, but this always led to conflicts and tension.
(b) Labour force was not easily available. A large planation required a vast number of hands to operate. And labour was needed precisely at a time when peasants were usually busy with their rice cultivation.
(c) Nij cultivation on a large scale also required many plough and bullocks. Investing on purchase and maintenance of ploughs was a big problem. Nor could supplies be early go from the peasants since their ploughs and bullocks were busy on their rice fields, again exactly at the time that the indigo planters needed them. The planters were therefore reluctant cultivation till in the late 19th century.