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Nerve cells are also known as neurons. These are the primary building blocks of the nervous system in humans and animals. Its main function is transmitting and receiving electrochemical messages. They help in the transmission of sensory information to the central nervous system and the regulation and control of organs in the body.
A typical neuron consists of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon.
The cell body contains the necessary structures for keeping the neuron functional. That includes the nucleus, mitochondria, and other organelles.
Dendrites are thin structures that arise from the cell body, often extending and have many branches, giving rise to a complex "dendritic tree".
An axon is a special cellular extension that arises from the cell body and travels for a distance, as far as 1 meter in humans or even more in other species.