Informatics Practices

Download CBSE class 11 Informatics Practices study material in PDF format. MyCBSEguide provides solved papers, board question papers, revision notes and NCERT solutions for CBSE class 11 Informatics Practices. The topics included are Introduction to Programming, Programming Guidelines, Relational Database Management system, Introduction to MYSQL, IT Applications, Hardware Concepts, Software Concepts.

Unit 1: Introduction To Computer Systems

Hardware Concepts:

• Computer organization (basic concepts): CPU, Memory (RAM and ROM), I/O devices, communication bus, ports (serial, parallel), device specific ports;
• Input devices: Keyboard, Mouse, Light pen, Touch Screen, Graphics Tablet, Joystick, Microphone, OCR, Scanner, Smart Card reader, Barcode reader, Biometric sensor, web camera;
• Output Devices: Monitor/Visual Display Unit (VDU), LCD screen, Television, Printer (Dot Matrix printer, Desk jet/ Inkjet/ Bubble jet printer, Laser printer), Plotter, Speaker;
• Secondary Storage Devices: Floppy Disk, Hard Disk, Compact Disk, Magnetic Tape, Digital Versatile Disk (DVD),Flash Drive, Memory cards.Comparative properties of storage media;
• Memory Units: bit, Byte (Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte, Petabyte)
• Encoding scheme :ASCII,ISCII & UNICODE
• E-waste disposal.

Security of computer system: Sources of attack and possible damages, malware – virus, worms, spyware and cookies as security threat, malware detection using a tool. Computer security, digital certificate, digital signature, firewall, password, file access permissions

Types of Software:
(a) System Software:
(i) Operating systems: Need for operating system, major functions of Operating System; Examples of OS for mainframe, PC/Server, and mobile devices.
(ii) Language Processors: Assembler, Interpreter, and Compiler

(b) Utility Software: Compression tools, disk defragmenter, anti-virus

(c) Application Software:
(i) General Purpose Application Software: Word Processor, Presentation Tool, Spreadsheet Package, Database Management System, Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
(ii) Specific Purpose Application Software: Inventory Management System, Purchasing System, Human Resource Management System, Payroll System, Financial Accounting, Hotel Management and Reservation System etc.

Unit 2: Introduction To Programming

Getting started with Programming using IDE

• Introduction, Rapid Application Development using IDE (Integrated Development Environment) such as Netbeans; Familiarization of IDE using basic Interface components- Label, Text Field, Text Area, Button, Checkbox, Radio Button. (As per appendix A)
• Developing General Application (As per the guidelines at appendix B) - Getting Familiar with Java Swing User Interface components-Frame, Dialog, OptionPane, Panel, ScrollPane, Label, TextField, PasswordField, TextArea, Button, CheckBox, RadioButton, ComboBox, List
• Basic component handling methods and properties: setText(), getText(), isSelected(), setSelected()

Programming Fundamentals

• Data Types: Concept of data types; Built-in data types - byte, short, int, long, float, double, char, string, boolean
• Variables: Need to use variable, declaring variables, variable naming convention, assigning value to variables;
• Integer object method: parseInt
• Double object method: parseDouble, parseFloat
• Control Structures:

Decision Structure – if, if-else, switch;
Looping Structure – while, do . . while, for;

Programming Guidelines:

• General Concepts; Modular approach;
• Stylistic Guidelines: Clarity and simplicity of expressions and names; Comments, Indentation;
• Running and debugging programs, Syntax Errors, Run-Time Errors, Logical Errors;
• Problem Solving Methodology: Understanding of the problem, Identifying minimum number of inputs required for output, breaking down problem into simple logical steps.

Unit 3: Relational Database Management System

Database Management System

• Introduction to database concepts: Database, Relational database, Relation/Table, Attribute/Field, Tuple / Row;
• Data Types: Text (CHAR, VARCHAR), Number (DECIMAL, INT/INTEGER), Date and Time
• Keys: Candidate key, Primary key, Alternate key, Foreign key;
• Examples of common Database Management System: MySQL, Ingres, Postgres, Oracle, DB2, MS

SQL, Sybase etc.; Common Database management tools for mobile devices.

Introduction to MySQL

(ANSI SQL 99 standard commands)

• Classification of SQL Commands:

DML - SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE

DDL - CREATE, DROP, ALTER

• Creating and using a database: SQL CREATE command to create a database, USE command to select a database.
• Creating a table: CREATE command to create a table, DESC command to display a table structure, INSERT command for inserting new rows, inserting new rows with null values and values of all the studied data types.
• Displaying table data: SELECT command for selecting all the columns, selecting specific column(s) using arithmetic operators, operator precedence
• Defining and using column alias
• Eliminating duplicate values from display using DISTINCT keyword
• Limiting rows during selection (using WHERE clause)

1. Using Comparison operators - =, <, >, <=, >=, <>, BETWEEN, IN, LIKE(%,_);
2. Logical Operators –AND, OR, NOT and corresponding operator precedence;

• Working with NULL values.
• ORDER BY clause: Sorting in Ascending/Descending order, sorting by column alias name, sorting on multiple columns;
• Manipulating Data of a Table/Relation: Update command to change existing data of a table, Delete command for removing row(s) from a table.
• Restructuring a table: ALTER TABLE for adding new column(s) and deleting column (s);

Functions in MySQL:

• String Functions: ASCII(), CHAR(), CONCAT(), INSTR(), LCASE(), UCASE(), LEFT(), LOWER(), LENGTH(), LTRIM(), MID(), RIGHT(), RTRIM(), SUBSTR(), TRIM(), UPPER(), ASCII()
• Mathematical Functions: - POWER(), ROUND(), TRUNCATE().
• Date and Time Functions: CURDATE(), DATE(), MONTH(), YEAR(), DAYNAME(), DAYOFMONTH(), DAYOFWEEK(), DAYOFYEAR(), NOW(), SYSDATE().

Unit 4: IT Applications

• e-Governance: Definition, benefits to citizens, e-Governance websites and their salient features and societal impacts; e-Governance challenges.
• e-Business: Definition, benefits to customers and business, e-Business websites and their salient features and societal impacts; netbanking, mobile banking e-Business challenges.
• e-Learning: – Definition, benefits to students (learners), teachers (trainers) and school (Institution) management; MooCs (Massive Open Online Courses) ; e-Learning websites and their salient features and societal impacts; e-Learning Challenges.

In each of the above domains, identify at least two real-life problems, list the input(s) required for the expected output(s), and describe the problem solving approach.
Impact of ICT on society – social environmental and economic benefits infomania.