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The word Australopithecus is derived from Latin word ‘austral’ means southern and a Greek word ‘pithekos’ which means ‘apes’. Hence, the word means southern apes (Southern Monkey). The earliest human is called so because he resembles them.

Hominids: They belonged to hominidae family and came into existence about 5.6 • mya. Their earliest fossils were excavated at Laotoli and Hader (both in Africa). It is a clear evidence that they originated in Africa. Their fossils were also found outside Africa.

• Hominoids were the subgroup of primates.
• They came into existence about 24 mya.

Characteristics

• They had smaller brain.
• They were unable to walk erect.

Early humans obtained food by hunting the animals and collecting fruits from trees.They hunted the animals with their tools made of bones and stones.some one ate raw flesh.After the discovery of fire most of the early humans ate by cooking the flesh.

The processes that were strengthened by tool making are mentioned below.

1. Increase in size and capacity of brain: The tool making process, in turn, enhanced the technical know-how of the early man. This also infused the power to think, concentrate, understand and memorise. All these developments further increased the capacity of early man’s brain.

2. Upright walking: It enabled the early man to use hands for making, carrying and using tools. This further added to his potential and got him extra hands to do a lot more things than he did previously.

3. Visual surveillance: With more analytical and observatory powers, the early man developed enhanced tools and weapons. Simultaneously, he could now undertake the journey to exploit the unexplored tracks for food.

The decision to effect the Partition of Bengal was announced on 19 July 1905 by the Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon. The partition took place on 16 October 1905 and separated the largely Muslim eastern areas from the largely Hindu western areas. The Hindus of West Bengal who dominated Bengal's business and rural life complained that the division would make them a minority in a province that would incorporate the province of Bihar and Orissa.  Hindus were outraged at what they recognised as a "divide and rule" policy, where the colonisers turned the native population against itself in order to rule, even though Curzon stressed it would produce administrative efficiency. The partition animated the Muslims to form their own national organization on communal lines. Bengal was reunited by Lord Hardinge in 1911 in an effort to appease Bengali sentiment.
It was reunited for the following reasons:
1. Swadeshi movement riots protested against it.
2. Hindus thought the east Bengal would have their own courts and policies.