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Ans

In the french society , the people were dived into three estates which was (i) First estate - clergy (ii) Second estate - noblist (iii) third estate - other population of France Now we talk about third estate which includes small peasant, landless peasants, and other population of France. They have to pay all taxes and on their taxes the first and second estate do their all luxurious things and not pay any type of taxes. And third estate set many programme about this but they have not much idea. EMERGENCE OF MIDDLE CLASS The emrgence of a class know as middle class from third estate.They paly ab important role in giving freedom to third estate.They have ideas ................

i. To maintain peace - The League of Nations was an instrument to preserve and promote world peace and stability.

ii. To protect the territorial integrity and independence of states - The desire to promote the respect for territorial integrity and independence of member states against
aggression also led to the formation of the League of Nations. Europe had suffered the dangers of French aggression from 1792 to 1815 and German aggression prior to 1914 that had led to wars and instability

iii. Promotion of Diplomacy - The League was formed to promote diplomacy in settling disputes.

Yes, there is an equality in indian democracy because people have right to vote and have to choose there representative

The French Revolution of 1830, also known as the July Revolution, Second French Revolution or Trois Glorieuses in French, saw the overthrow of King Charles X, the French Bourbon monarch, and the ascent of his cousin Louis-Philippe, Duke of Orléans.

A history is a part of old time and collect the information and can provide and how people old times services on the earth is called history

The study of past events.

India does not establish any one religion as the official religion. It also does not confer any privilege or favour on any particular religion, Nor does it punish or discriminate against people on; the basis of religion they follow. The Indian Constitution says that every person has a. right to profess, practice and propagate the religion as he or she believes in and every religions group or sect is free to manage its religions affairs.
That’s why Indian Government cannot compel any person to pay in taxes for the promotion or maintenance of any particular religion or religions institutions. India cannot compel anyone to take part in any religions instructions or to attend any religions worship.

Explanation of Money Bill:

Under article 110(1) of the Constitution, a Bill is deemed to be a Money Bill if it contains only provisions dealing with all or any of the following matters, namely:

• the imposition, abolition, remission, alteration or regulation of any tax;
• the regulation of the borrowing of money or the giving of any guarantee by the Government of India, or the amendment of the law with respect to any financial obligations undertaken or to be undertaken by the Government of India;
• the custody of the Consolidated Fund or the Contingency Fund of India, the payment of moneys into or the withdrawal of moneys from any such fund;
• the appropriation of moneys out of the Consolidated Fund of India;
• the declaring of any expenditure to be expenditure charged on the Consolidated Fund of India or the increasing of the amount of any such expenditure;
• the receipt of money on account of the Consolidated Fund of India or the public account of India or the custody or issue of such money or the audit of the accounts of the Union or of a State.

The local Self-Government stands for an Elected body enjoying certain degree of autonomy and serving as an administrative unit for local affairs. Local Self-Government refers to “management of local affairs by the natives of the area itself or their representatives.” Local Self-Government is a “democratic government”.

Rupeea

Main causes were:

Autocratic rule of Tsars: In 1914, the Russian emperor was Tsar Nicholas II. He fought a number of wars to expand his empire in the north and west in Europe. He had borne the expenditure of war by taxing the common people of Russia.
Conditions of peasants: Majority of the Russians were agriculturalists. Major part of the land was owned by nobles and clergy and these peasants worked as farmers on daily wages. They were paid less and worked more and sometimes under debt, they were not even paid wages.
Status of industries: Industry was found in pockets. Prominent industrial areas were St. Petersburg and Moscow. Craftsmen undertook much of the production, but large factories existed alongside crafts workshops. Foreign investment in industries increased with the extension of Russia’s railway network.
Conditions of workers in the industries: Most industries were owned by private
industrialists. Though the government supervised factories’ working hours and wages of the workers, but still rules were broken. Women workers were also paid less than men. Some workers formed associations to help members in times of unemployment and financial hardships. ,
Formation of socialist parties: All political parties were illegal in Russia before 1914. The Russian Social Democratic Workers Party was founded in 1898 by socialists, who respected Marxist ideas. But because of government policies, it had to operate secretly as an illegal organisation. It set up a newspaper, mobilised workers and organised strikes.

Main causes were:

Autocratic rule of Tsars: In 1914, the Russian emperor was Tsar Nicholas II. He fought a number of wars to expand his empire in the north and west in Europe. He had borne the expenditure of war by taxing the common people of Russia.
Conditions of peasants: Majority of the Russians were agriculturalists. Major part of the land was owned by nobles and clergy and these peasants worked as farmers on daily wages. They were paid less and worked more and sometimes under debt, they were not even paid wages.
Status of industries: Industry was found in pockets. Prominent industrial areas were St. Petersburg and Moscow. Craftsmen undertook much of the production, but large factories existed alongside crafts workshops. Foreign investment in industries increased with the extension of Russia’s railway network.
Conditions of workers in the industries: Most industries were owned by private
industrialists. Though the government supervised factories’ working hours and wages of the workers, but still rules were broken. Women workers were also paid less than men. Some workers formed associations to help members in times of unemployment and financial hardships. ,
Formation of socialist parties: All political parties were illegal in Russia before 1914. The Russian Social Democratic Workers Party was founded in 1898 by socialists, who respected Marxist ideas. But because of government policies, it had to operate secretly as an illegal organisation. It set up a newspaper, mobilised workers and organised strikes.

The period between the 1^st century B.C. to the end of 2^nd century A.D. in Southern India is known as Sangam Period. It has been named after the Sangam academies during that period.

According to the Tamil legends, there were three Sangams (Academy of Tamil poets) held in the ancient South India popularly called Muchchangam. These Sangams flourished under the royal patronage of the Pandya kings of Madurai.

1. The First Sangam, is believed to be held at Madurai, attended by gods and legendary sages. No literary work of this Sangam is available.
2. The Second Sangam was held at Kapadapuram, only Tolkappiyam survives from this.
3. The Third Sangam at Madurai was founded by Mudathirumaran. A few of these Tamil literary works have survived and are a useful sources to reconstruct the history of the Sangam period.

The British bribed mir jafar and he betrayed siraj ud daulah and turned against him. Mir jafar helped the british in the battle of plassey and defeated Siraj ud daulah.

By different charters