The condition of Ram Saran and Lakha Singh is different in this way.

1)Ram Saran is a victim of urban poverty while Lakha Singh is the victim of rural poverty.

2)Ram Saran manages two square meagre meal but Lakha Singh cannot manage even that sometimes.

3)Ram Saran's whole family works to sustain their livelihood but Lakha Singh is the only earner.

The 1878 Forest Act, divided forests in India into three categories reserved, protected and village forests.
The consequences of this Act were :

1. Villagers used forests for different needs, i.e. for fuel, fodder and leaves. After Forest Act they could not take anything from the reserved forests.
2. In forest areas people graze their cattle, collect fruits and roots and hunt animals and fish. Almost everything was available in the forest for their livelihood. The Forest Act meant severe hardship for them. All their practices became illegal.
3. Circumstances forced the villagers to steal wood and if they were caught, forest guard claimed bribe from them. Women who collected fuelfood were scared of the forest guards as they harassed them and demanded free food.
4. After the Forest Act, the forest department only encouraged to plant Teak and Sal tree for commercial uses.

Modern farming methods such as use of HYV insecticides pesticides etc require a great deal of capital so the farmer needs more money than before.
(i) The medium and large farmers have their own savings from farming. They are thus able to arrange for the capital needed.
(ii) In contrast, the small farmers have to borrow money to arrange for the capital. They borrow from large farmers or the village moneylenders or the traders who supply various inputs for cultivation.
(iii) The rate of interest on such loans is very high. They are put to great distress to repay the loan, which is not so in .the case of medium and large farmers.

Palampur is a well-developed village as it is connected to other nearby villages through well-developed systems of roads. The village has two primary schools and one high school. The village also has a primary health care centre and a private dispensary.

The ‘Green Revolution’ was introduced in India, in the late 1960s. Indian farmers used it for the production of major food crops like wheat and rice. They made use of the High Yielding Variety seeds, which produced much greater yield than the traditional seeds. However, they needed plenty of water, chemical fertilisers and pesticides to produce best results.