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Posted by Sourav Dhiman 5 years, 8 months ago
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Gaurav Seth 5 years, 8 months ago
Tribes have been classified in India according to their "permanent" and "acquired" traits.
Permanent Traits:
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Permanent traits have region, language, physical characteristics and ecological habitat. The ecological habitats covered include hills, rural plains, forests and urban industrial regions.
- In terms of language, tribes are categorised into four categories. Two of them are Indo Aryan and Dravidian and the other two are Austric and Tibeto-Burman.
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In physical-racial terms, tribes are classified under the Negrito, Australoid, Mongoloid, Dravidian and Aryan categories.
- In terms of size, tribes vary a lot. The biggest tribes are the Gonds, Bhils, Santhals, Oraons, Minas, Bodos and Mundas.
Acquired Traits: The following two main criteria are used in the category of acquired traits:
- Mode of livelihood: Under this category, tribes can be categorised into fishermen, food gatherers and hunters, shifting cultivators, peasants and plantation and industrial workers.
- Extent of incorporation into Hindu society: The dominant classification both in academic sociology as well as in politics and public affairs is the degree of assimilation into Hindu society.
Posted by Taqdees Fatima 5 years, 8 months ago
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Gaurav Seth 5 years, 8 months ago
Effects of Casteism on politics:
- Since independence our democratic system is affected by the virus of hatred and casteism. It's roots are grown so deep that it is becoming almost impossible to uproot it. On the other hand, Political parties are not paying any attention to sort out this problem as it is busy with focussing to attract more and more votes..
- The menance of Casteism and its negative impact on politics is on the increase, The caste-based politics parties have changed the whole democratic system into a voteyard.
- It is a myopic concept. It refers to superiority and inferiority and further closes already divided castelines. Its interpretation of politics is not based on the principle of merit. It places caste interests ahead of political principles. Basically in the name of caste merit and quality are generally ignored.
- It cannot be gainsaid that Castes have been changed into the votebank ghettos. The system of casteism has become the bone of our democratic system. Political equations are controlled by caste calculus.
The caste factor is an important factor of electoral politics in India. All political parties give great weightage to the caste factor in selecting their candidates, in allocating constituencies to their candidates and in canvassing support for their nominees in the election.
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 8 months ago
The early years of Indian industrialisation since 1947 to 1990-91:
(i) The first modern industries in India were cotton, jute, coal mines and railways. After independence, the government took over the ‘commanding heights of the economy.’ This involved defence, transport and communication, power, mining and other projects which only government had the power to do, and which was necessary for private industry also to flourish.
(ii) In India’s mixed economy policy, some sectors were reserved for government, while others were open to the private sector. But within that, the government tried to ensure, through its licensing policy that industries were spread over different regions.
(iii) Before independence, industries were located mainly in the port cities like Madras, Bombay, Calcutta. But since then, we see that places like Baroda, Coimbatore, Bangalore, Pune, Faridabad and Rajkot have become important industrial centres.
(iv) The government also tried to encourage the small-scale sector through special incentives and assistance.
(v) Many items like paper and wood products, stationery, glass and ceramics were reserved for the small-scale sector.
(vi) In 1991, large-scale industry employed only 28 per cent of the total workforce engaged in manufacture, while the small-scale and traditional industry employed 72 per cent.
Posted by Aarti Kumari 5 years, 8 months ago
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Kanishka Gupta 5 years, 8 months ago
Kanishka Gupta 5 years, 8 months ago
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Tessa Violet 5 years, 8 months ago
1Thank You