Multi Party System

The characteristics were-

 (i) It was very bureaucratic and authoritarian.

 (ii) The communist Party had tight control over all the institutions and was unaccountable to the people.

Cbse class 10 political science notes chapter 1

The Schengen Agreement is a treaty which led to the creation of Europe's Schengen Area, in which internal border checks have largely been abolished. It was signed on 14 June 1985, near the town of Schengen, Luxembourg, by five of the ten member states of the then European Economic Community.

What was soviet system due to which it became a superpower?

Arms control is a form of international security cooperation, or “security regime,” aimed at limiting, through tacit or explicit agreement, the qualities, quantity, or use of weapons. First, it is a political relationship between actors: Unilateral arms control is an oxymoron.

The huge obstacle in nation building at the time of India’s independence was to shape a nation that was united, yet accommodative of the diversity in our society. India was a land of continental size and diversity. Its people spoke different languages and followed different culture and religions. At that time it was widely believed that a country full of such kinds of diversity could not remain together for long.

Inspite of the Soviet economy growing at a rapid pace after the Second World War, people were growing wary of the Soviet system and began opposing it in later years. This was because of the following reasons:

• Since the state controlled all factors of production, the Soviet system became very bureaucratic and authoritarian making life difficult for the citizens
• Democracy and freedom of speech was denied to the people
• The Communist Party of Soviet Union controlled all institutions and it was not accountable to the people

<div>Mikhail Gorbachev  was the General Secreatary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1985. He believed that reforms were necessary to keep USSR at par with the West. He initiated policies to democratise and reform the Soviet Union.  The efforts of Gorbachev to give some degree of autonomy to people in the Soviet Union made people to demand more rights and freedom. They started protesting against their own governments and the communist regimes began to fall one after the other. Boris Yeltsin was a member of the Communist party who gradually began to believe in free market economy and democracy. After the introduction of reforms in Soviet Russia by Gorbachev, a coup took place in Russia encouraged by the Communist Party. Yeltsin vehemently opposed this coup and people too did not want to now live under the communist regime. The coup failed and Yeltsin emerged as a national hero. He won elections in Russia and in December 1991, under his leadership- Russia, Ukraine and Belarus- three major republics of the USSR disbanded the Soviet Union. THis finally led to the disintegration of the Soviet Union. </div>

The Cuban Missile Crisis was a time of heightened confrontation between the Soviet Union, the United States, and Cuba during the Cold War. Cuba calls it the October Crisis. It was a proxy conflict around Cuba. It began when the Soviet Union (USSR) began building missile sites in Cuba in 1962.

• Article 370 is a constitutional provision that gave Jammu and Kashmir its special status.
• The provision was incorporated in Part XXI of the Constitution: Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions.
  • As evident from the title of the Part, it was supposed to be a temporary provision and its applicability was projected to last till the formulation and adoption of the State’s constitution.
• It restricts the Parliament’s legislative powers with respect to the state of J&K.

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Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. ... Assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for various social causes and for achieving Swaraj or self-rule.

explain middle East crises

Middle East crises of Afghanistan

During the conflict, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire (the Central Powers) fought against Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Romania, Japan and the United States (the Allied Powers).

ASEAN Regional Forum was established in 1994. The main objectives of ARF was to accelerate economic growth and through that achieve social progress and cultural development.

Communism is a philosophical, social, political, economic ideology and movement whose ultimate goal is the establishment of a communist society, namely a socioeconomic order structured upon the ideas of common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money and the state.