Their are 6types of fields of human geo they are social, urban, political, population, settlement & economic geography

Friedrich. Ratzel

According to Fredrich Retzel, the German Geographer who is regarded as the Father of Modern Human Geography, human geography is a study of synthetical study of human societies and mutual relationship with surface of the earth.

Neo determinism refers human raceas a passive agent dictated by environmental, biosphere factors .

These factors determine their attitude, decision-making capability, and lifestyle.

The opposite criteria are determinism which refers to the point of view supporting environmental control on human action.

Neo determinism is the middle path of environmental determinism and possibilism.

In making the livelihood, the most land area clearly declares that this place is arid or semi-arid or desert.

Development is a mixed bag of opportunities as well as neglect and deprivations
for India:
(i)There are a few areas like the metropolitan centres and other developed enclaves that have all the modern facilities available to a small section of its population.
(ii)At the other extreme of it, there are large rural areas and the slums in the urban areas that do not have basic amenities like potable water, education and health infrastructure available to majority of this population.
(iii)The situation is more alarming if one looks at the distribution of the development opportunities among different sections of our society. It is a wellestablished fact that majority of the scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, landless agricultural labourers, poor farmers and slums dwellers, etc. are the most marginalised lot.
(iv)A large segment of female population is the worst sufferers among all. It is also equally true that the relative as well as absolute conditions of the majority of these marginalised sections have worsened with the development happening over the years.
(v)Consequently, vast majority of people are compelled to live under abject poverty and subhuman conditions.

Density of population is usually calculated in persons per sq km
Density of Population = Population /Area.

(i) A major benefit for the source region is the remittance sent by migrants.

(ii) Remittances from the international migrants are one of the major sources of foreign exchange.
(iii) Besides this, unregulated migration to the metropolitan cities of India has caused overcrowding.

According to census data in India, the child *** ratio (0–6 years) in India was 927 girls per 1,000 boys in 2001, which dropped to 918[1] girls for every 1,000 boys in 2011. A 2012 UNICEF report ranked India 41st among 195 countries.[citation needed] In the Population Census of 2011 it was revealed that the population ratio of India 2011 is 919 females per 1000 of males. The *** Ratio 2011 shows a downward trend from the census 2001 data. Speaking on the occasion of International Day of the Girl Child in 2014, the Prime Minister, Narendra Modi had called for the eradication of female foeticide and invited suggestions from the citizens of India via the MyGov.in portal.[4] The Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao (BBBP) [1] scheme was launched on 22 January 2015 by PM Narendra Modi.[5][6] It aims to address the issue of the declining child *** ratio image (CSR) and is a national initiative jointly run by the Ministry of Women and Child Development, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and the Ministry of Human Resource Development. It initially focused multi-sector action in 100 districts throughout the country where there was a low CSR. On 26 August 2016, Olympics 2016 bronze medallist Sakshi Malik was made brand ambassador for BBBP.[7] The hashtag #SelfieWithDaughter was promoted on social media in June 2015, which started when Sunil Jaglan the sarpanch of the village Bibipur, Jind in Haryana took a selfie with his daughter Nandini and posted on Facebook on 9 June 2015.[8] The hashtag garnered worldwide fame.[9]

The world's population is around 7,500,000,000 and Earth's total area (including land and water) is 510,000,000 km² (197,000,000 sq. mi.). Therefore, the worldwide human population density is around 7,500,000,000 ÷ 510,000,000 = 14.7 per km² (38 per sq. mi.).

According to Neo determinism... possibility can be created within the limits which do not damage the environment and their should be accountability. For example: If you cut a tree you have to grow more trees ??? and there should be a check of authorities for further utilisation of resources...There should be some source of accountability for the damage that occurs..??

Naturalisation of human :In the earlier time when there wasn't any technical advancement like now, human beings were dictated by nature. Humanisation of nature :With the advancement of Science and technology, human beings started understanding nature and learnt to use natural resources for its benefit.

(i) High per capita income.
(ii) High HDI.
(iii) Greater focus on economic growth rather than development.
(iv) High standard of living.
(v) Most of the population has access to basic healthcare and education.
(vi) High quality of life parameter — including freedom, equal opportunities etc.

Density refers to the ratio between number to people to the size of land.

• Current density is defined as current flowing per unit area provided the area is held normal to the current.
• Current density is a property which describes at a specific point of the conductor.
• Consider a conductor and to know what amount of current is flowing through a particular point of the conductor at particular time.
• Not only the magnitude but the orientation of the area plays an important role.
• It is denoted by J.
• J=I/A where A=area vector
• It is a vector quantity.
• Current density changes as the orientation of the area changes.

According to ratzel, Human geography is the synthetic study of relationship between human societies and earth's surface.

Human beings are considered as an important resource because they make the best use of the nature to create more resources. They can do this as they have the knowledge, skill and the technology to do so. This ability is acquired by people on the basis of education received by them.

ENVIRONMENT DETERMINISM : Is a concept given by ELSWORTH HUNTINGTON.. According to him culture of any place is determined by physical environment.. But the theory was discredited It was accepted by AFRICA.. ENVIRONMENT POSSIBLISM: Is a theory given by VIDAL DE LABLACHE According to the theory culture of any place is determined by social environment not by physical.. Theory was liberal. It was accepted.. Japan accepted the theory.

Determinism :-
1. It refers to the point of view supporting environment control on human action.
2. The determinism generally emphasis on human as a passive agent influenced by the factors determine their attitude, decision-making and life style.
3. The scholars who supported deter - minism were Greek and Roman scholar.

Possibilism :-
1. It refer to the physical environment for humans to exploit it for benefits.
2. The emphasis is firmly placed on human rather than nature.
3. Lucian Febvre and Vidal de la Blache advocated and developed system-atically the school of possibilism.

Determinism is also known naturalisation of humans it is given by ratzel.

Paul vidal de la blachae is the supporting scholar

The occupational structure of a nation refers to the percentage of its workforce employed in various economic ventures. To put it in other words, articulating how many of the total working population are employed in agriculture and associated activities and how many of them are involved in manufacturing and service sector can be identified from the occupational structure of the nation

The quantitative revolution (QR) was a paradigm shift that sought to develop a more rigorous and systematic methodology for the discipline of geography. It came as a response to the inadequacy of regional geography to explain general spatial dynamics. The main claim for the quantitative revolution is that it led to a shift from a descriptive (idiographic) geography to an empirical law-making (nomothetic) geography. The quantitative revolution occurred during the 1950s and 1960s and marked a rapid change in the method behind geographical research, from regional geography into a spatial science.

Ac eduhub,amit sengupta

UAE 468