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Question 1. The Champaran episode was a turning point in Gandhi's life. Elucidate. Answer 1. The Champaran episode proved to help the Indian Independence. Gandhiji took up a fight for the sharecroppers against the landlords. Rajkumar Shukla who told him about the injustice suffered by the sharecroppers took Gandhiji to Champaran. Gandhiji assessed the situation and understood that the landlords were forcing the sharecroppers to plant 15% of their holding with indigo and then give up the entire harvest to them as rent. Since Germany had come up with the concept of synthetic indigo, the price of the natural indigo fell. The landlords forced the sharecroppers to pay compensation. It was then that Gandhiji heard about the ill-treatment of a peasant.Gandhiji decided to look into the matter, but he received an official notice to leave Champaran and quit whatever he was doing there. Gandhiji fought against this injustice by telling the court that it was a conflict of duties and he had come to serve the peasant. In the end, he won his case against the cruel landlords and made them pay 25% of the money back to the sharecroppers. This movement emboldened the peasants and they got to know their rights. He made the British realize that Indians now have the courage to oppose injustice. This episode gave Gandhiji a clear direction to launch the freedom struggle. Thus, it was a turning point in the history of Indian freedom struggle.

The Champaran episode proved to help the Indian Independence. Gandhiji took up a fight for the sharecroppers against the landlords. Rajkumar Shukla who told him about the injustice suffered by the sharecroppers took Gandhiji to Champaran. Gandhiji assessed the situation and understood that the landlords were forcing the sharecroppers to plant 15% of their holding with indigo and then give up the entire harvest to them as rent. Since Germany had come up with the concept of synthetic indigo, the price of the natural indigo fell. The landlords forced the sharecroppers to pay compensation. It was then that Gandhiji heard about the ill-treatment of a peasant.Gandhiji decided to look into the matter, but he received an official notice to leave Champaran and quit whatever he was doing there. Gandhiji fought against this injustice by telling the court that it was a conflict of duties and he had come to serve the peasant. In the end, he won his case against the cruel landlords and made them pay 25% of the money back to the sharecroppers. This movement emboldened the peasants and they got to know their rights. He made the British realize that Indians now have the courage to oppose injustice. This episode gave Gandhiji a clear direction to launch the freedom struggle. Thus, it was a turning point in the history of Indian freedom struggle.

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Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson FRS (6 August 1809 – 6 October 1892) was a British poet. He was the Poet Laureate during much of Queen Victoria's reign and remains one of the most popular British poets. In 1829, Tennyson was awarded the Chancellor's Gold Medal at Cambridge for one of his first pieces, "Timbuktu". He published his first solo collection of poems, Poems Chiefly Lyrical in 1830. "Claribel" and "Mariana", which remain some of Tennyson's most celebrated poems, were included in this volume. Although decried by some critics as overly sentimental, his verse soon proved popular and brought Tennyson to the attention of well-known writers of the day, including Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Tennyson's early poetry, with its medievalism and powerful visual imagery, was a major influence on the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood.

<div style="text-align:left; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">The poet has used symbols and comparisons to explain how we can end conflicts, wars and corrosive activities that are leading to the death of our civilization. He advocates keeping quiet and still for a while to introspect and understand ourselves and our relationship with our brothers and nature to build a peaceful and harmonious world order.</div> <div style="text-align:left; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">1.       ‘Count to twelve’ – symbolizes a measure of time. The clock has twelve markings on it, the year has twelve months and the day has twelve hours </div> <div style="text-align:left; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">2.       Let’s-repetition to create a bond with the reader and stress his point.</div> <div style="text-align:left; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">3.       ‘Fishermen in the cold sea…hurt hands’-symbolic image  showing how man is ruthlessly destroying nature and harming other species in cold blood for his selfish need and greed. The ‘hurt hands’ – the sore hands of the salt gatherer would make him realize how he is harming himself by his mindless corrosive activities.</div> <div style="text-align:left; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">4.       ‘…put on clean clothes’- metaphor. The poet says that quiet introspection will make us comprehend the destructive nature of wars. Man would shed his blood soiled clothes and don on clean clothes i.e. he would cleanse his soul, heart and mind, purging it of all anger and hatred.</div> <div style="text-align:left; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">5.       Brothers – symbol of mankind</div> <div style="text-align:left; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"> </div> <div style="text-align:left; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">6.       In the shade- metaphor- just as shade protects us from the harsh sun, we will protect and shelter each other as brothers, thus live in peace and harmony.</div> <div style="text-align:left; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px"> </div> <div style="text-align:left; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">7.       no truck - euphemism</div> <div style="text-align:left; -webkit-text-stroke-width:0px">8.       Earth can teach us as when everything… symbol, Just as earth, the greatest creator, in its sleeping mode appears to be dead on surface but is actually dormant and carefully preserving the seeds of life, human beings too need to keep still and quiet to rejuvenate and awaken the life forces within and be productive.</div>

Intermediate goods

Fill ups

C = remittance is tranfer income

Which of the following is a transfer income? A) rent B) profit C) remittances d) salary

Ans 

(i) Unemployment allowances.
(iii) Financial help to earthquake victims.
(v) Claim received from Insurance company by an injured worker. 
(vi) Birthday gift received from a friend.

a) wreathing a flowery band refers to that we are making a band full of memories sweet memories which bind us with our life

C) it refers to the unprotective uncertain and sad days of our life.

a)These children are sitting in the school classroom in a slum which is far far away from the winds or waves blowing strongly.
(b)The faces of these children look pale. Their uncombed and unkempt hair look like rootless wild plants

. (c)The head of the tall girl is 'weighed down' by the burdens of the world.