Rural development is a comprehensive term which essentially focuses on action for the development of areas that are lagging behind in the overall development of the village economy.
Some of the areas which are in need of fresh initiatives for rural development are:

1.  Development of human resources like literacy, more specifically, female literacy, education and skill development.
2.  Development of human resources like health, addressing both sanitation and public health.
3.  Honest implementation of land reforms.
4.  Development of the productive resources in each locality.
5.  Infrastructure development like electricity, irrigation, credit, markseting, transport facilities including construction of village roads and feeder roads to nearby highways, facilities for agriculture research-and extension, and information dissemination.
6.  Special measures for alleviation of poverty and bringing about significant improvement in the living conditions of the weaker sections of the population.

The empowered women should be able to participate in the process of decision making in social, economic life within and outside the home. The main finding is that employment having a positive impact on active participation in the decision making the process at the household level. So, the results show that overall 38.1 percent women have usually participated in household decisions, in the rural area 34.26 percent but urban area highly improved like 47.5 percent. It is also found that Muslim women are not a good contribution in household decisions compare to the Hindu women. Because of the Hindu women are highly engaged in employment compared to the Muslim women both rural and urban areas of West Bengal. So, the study for motivators is acting as catalyzed to the process of effective empowerment.

Human capital is positively correlated to economic growth since investment tends to boost productivity. The process of educating a workforce is a type of investment, but instead of capital investment such as equipment, the investment is in human capital. Increased economic growth will lead to increased output and consumption. This causes an increase in pollution. Increased pollution from economic growth will cause health problems such as asthma and therefore will reduce the quality of life.

Excess demand or inflationary gap is the excess of aggregate demand over and above its level required to maintain full employment equilibrium in the economy.

Cash reserve ratio refers to the percentage of total demand deposits of the commercial banks which they must keep as cash reserves with the RBI.

In order to control excess demand, the central bank must increase CRR so the credit creation capacity of the commercial banks and the money supply in an economy get decreased. As a result aggregate demand will also fall.

Scale of preference is simply a concept that drives to satisfy the wants of an individual in the order of their priority and importance. ... Now that is the scale of preference at work. It is also of value to note that the scale determines the demand of goods in the market. A scale of preference is a list of wants arranged in an order of importance. Opportunity cost is the alternative want foregone as a particular item is chosen, or as a particular want is satisfied.

Price line is a line showing different combinations of two goods which a consumer can attain, given his income and market price of the goods.

Cardinal Utility is the idea that economic welfare can be directly observable and be given a value.

For example, people may be able to express the utility that consumption gives for certain goods. For example, if a Nissan car gives 5,000 units of utility, a BMW car would give 8,000 units. This is important for welfare economics which tries to put values on consumption. For example, allocative efficiency is said to occur when Marginal cost = Marginal Utility.

The idea of want can be examined from many perspectives. In secular societies want might be considered similar to the emotion desire, which can be studied scientifically through the disciplines of psychology or sociology.

The utility of goods is its want-satisfying capability. The more the stronger the aspiration to have it, the more is the utility procured from the goods. The utility is instinctive. Distinct people can get different degrees of utility from the same goods. For instance, someone who likes sweets will get much higher utility from a sweet than someone who doesn’t sweets. The utility that an individual obtains from the goods can differ with the change in location and time. For instance, utility from the use of an Air conditioner certainly relies upon whether the person is in Srinagar or Jaipur(location) or whether it is winter or summer (season).

• Total Utility – Total utility of a determined quantity of goods or commodity (TU) is the total contentment procured from utilizing the given amount of some goods ‘p’.

• Marginal Utility – MU is the difference in total utility due to the utilization of one extra unit of goods or commodity.

• Ordinal Utility Analysis – The customer does not quantify utility in numerals. All the theory of customer decision-making under constraints of certitude can be and mostly is, conveyed in the terms of ordinal utility.

Single use goods are those goods, which can be used only once. They are finished only in one use. For example bread, butter, egg, milk etc are the single use consumer goods as they are consumed immediately and once for all. ... Durable use goods are those goods, which can be used again and again for a long period of time. Durables, also known as durable goods or consumer durables, is a category of consumer goods that do not wear out quickly, and therefore do not have to be purchased frequently. They are known as "durable goods" because they tend to last for at least three years. They are, of course, a part of core retail sales data.