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Jay Dev 7 years ago
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Gaurav Seth 7 years ago
In macroeconomics, the price/wage spiral (also called the wage/price spiral) represents a vicious circle process in which different sides of the wage bargain try to keep up with inflation to protect real incomes. Thus, this process is one possible result of inflation. It can start either due to high aggregate demand combined with near full employment[1] or due to supply shocks, such as an oil price hike. There are two separate elements of this spiral that coexist and interact:
- Business owners raise prices to protect profit margins from rising costs, including nominal wage costs, and to keep the real value of profit margins from falling.
- Wage-earners try to push their nominal after-tax wages upward to catch up with rising prices, to prevent real wages from falling. To maintain purchasing power equal to the rising costs reflected by a consumer price index (CPI), a taxable salary must increase faster than the CPI itself to result in an after-tax wage increase comparable to the increased cost of goods and services - unless tax brackets are indexed.
So "wages chase prices and prices chase wages," persisting even in the face of a (mild) recession. This price/wage spiral interacts with inflationary expectations to produce long-lived inflationary process. Some argue that incomes policies or a severe recession is needed to stop the spiral.
The first element of the price/wage spiral does not apply if markets are relatively competitive.
The spiral is also weakened if labor productivity rises at a quick rate. Rising labor productivity (the amount workers produce per hour) compensates employers for higher wages costs while allowing employees to receive rising real wages, while allowing the company's margin to stay the same.
Posted by Shashank Bali 7 years ago
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Gaurav Seth 7 years ago
- It is downward sloping because few units we sacrifice for another. As there exist inverse relationship between change in the quantity of one commodity and change in the quantity of then other commodity
- PPC is concave shaped because more and more units of one commodity are sacrificed to gain an additional unit of another commodity.
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Yogita Ingle 7 years ago
Balance of Payment always balances – How? We know from our earlier discussion that all transactions are recorded in balance of payment account in double entry system of bookkeeping. Under this system every transaction creates two equal enteries, i.e., one credit entry showing where it came from and the other debit entry showing where the same is put (spent). As a result total amount of credit (receipt) side is always equal to debit (payment) side. Thus, in accounting sense, balance of payment always balances, In operating sense also BOP is always in equilibrium because if current account is in deficit, the same is restored (compensated) with capital account. Hence overall balance of payment is always balanced.
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Gaurav Seth 7 years ago
Green GNP can be defined as GNP that helps to achieve economic sustainable development. Basically, this concept gives importance to the fact that growth should take place without polluting the environment
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Yogita Ingle 7 years ago
Market Supply Quantities of a particular commodity offered for sale by all the firms at a given price in the market is known as market supply.
Market Supply Schedule It is a table showing different quantities of a commodity that all the firms in a market are willing to sell at different prices of that commodity at a given time.
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