Following are the advantages of demonetisation:

1. Curbing black money - Demonetisation has helped the government in tracking black money kept hidden by tax evaders. Demonetisation has helped in uncovering a huge amount of unaccounted cash. People had deposited more than 3 lakh crores worth of black money in bank accounts.
2. Increase in tax revenue - As a result of demonetisation, people deposited their money in their bank accounts. The number of tax payers has considerably increased. As a result, the government got a good amount of tax revenue which could be used by the government towards the betterment of society.
3. Cashless economy - Demonetisation pushed the Indian economy towards becoming cashless. The government succeeded in encouraging people to use digital means for making transactions. According to an estimate, the economy has witnessed a 20% decline in currency in circulation.

Land reforms are needed for the following objectives:

1. To increase agricultural productivity- Land reforms are needed to increase agricultural productivity by creating conditions for evolving high levels of efficiency and productivity. Land reforms include consolidation of holdings and cooperative farming to increase the size of the operational unit and to benefit from economies of scale.
2. To eliminate exploitation and to promote social justice- Land reforms seek to improve the socio-economic conditions of farmers by eliminating exploitation in land relations due to intermediaries and reconstructing agrarian relations to achieve social justice. Its main objective is to establish an egalitarian society by eliminating inequality.

After independence, the Indian government undertook various measures including land reforms to improve the condition of agriculture. The impact of land reforms has been the abolition of the zamindari system and providing security of ownership rights to tenants. But land reforms could make only limited success because of a lack of political will and poor implementation.

The industrial development pattern on the eve of Independence was characterised by the following elements:

1. The industrial growth was lopsided, in the sense that consumer goods industry was not adequately supported by the capital goods industry.
2. No priority was given for the development of basic and heavy industries. Tata Iron and Steel Corporation (TISCO) established in 1907, was the only basic industry in India.
3. The public sector enterprises such as railways, power, post and telegraph were confined to areas which would enlarge the size of market for British products in India.
4. The pattern of development in the industrial sector was lopsided and was dominated by the presence of small industries (31%) and large industries (43%), but very few medium industries.

Zamindari System was introduced by Cornwallis in 1793 through the Permanent Settlement Act. It was introduced in the provinces of Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Varanasi. Also known as Permanent Settlement System. Zamindars were recognized as the owner of the lands.

The excess of aggregate demand above the level that is required to maintain full employment level of equilibrium is termed as inflationary gap. The shortfall of aggregate demand below the level that is required to maintain full employment level of equilibrium is termed as a deflationary gap.

to get raw materials from India at cheap rates in order to reduce India to a mere exporter of raw materials to the British industries. to sell British manufactured goods in Indian market at higher prices.In this way, they exploited India through the device of double exploitation.

Economic agents are consumers, producers, and/or influencers of capital markets and the economy at large. There are four major economic agents: households/individuals, firms, governments, and central banks. Some economists put governments and central banks together.

(i) Ayurveda Atharvaveda, the last of the four great bodies of knowledge known as Vedas contains 114 hymns related to formulations for the treatment of different diseases. The Ayurvedic practitioners recommend diet and lifestyle changes along with drug therapy. The methods of Ayurveda such as applying herbs and massage can simultaneously be used along with other systems.

(ii) Unani - This also means 'Greek medicine, and is a form of traditional medicine widely practised in South Asia. Unani medicine is based on the concept of the four tumours, Phlegm, Blood, Yellow bile and Black bile. Unani medicine first arrived in India with the establishment of Delhi Sultanate $1206-$ 1527 CE) and Muslim rule over North India and subsequently flourished under Mughal empire

(vi) Homeopathy consists of two words meaning similar and 'pathos' meaning sunning. In this system. a drug and a disease that produces similes symptoms are believed to be having a neutralising effect on each other. Thus the homoeopathic treatment is based on symptoms the body is showing and medication is given accordingly. It is popular among the people due to its remarkable healing capacity. Also, its remedies are free from side effects.

Indiscriminate use of pesticides may result in the degradation of the environment. For example, DDT is an organic pesticide which is used to kill pests in crop fields. When it is used in large quantity it can be passed along the food chain from crops to man or other animals and birds and can harm them.