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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 8 months ago
Sucker is a mode of vegetative propagation. It is a non- green slender stem branch which arises from the underground base of erect shoot or crown. For example, mint has the sucker. It has adventitious root and scale leaf.
Mint is an example of stolon.
Stolon is a modification of stem which is also known as runner. These are horizontally oriented stem that grow along the soil surface giving rise to roots and aerial branches. E.g. Mentha sp.(mint).
Mint plant reproduces both vegetatively and through seeds. Vegetatively they reproduce by runners or stolons, which produce new roots and shoots at the nodes, in the presence of favourable conditions.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 9 months ago
Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection:
Charles Darwin proposed that evolution of species occurred by natural selection, but he did not know the underlying mechanism.
Natural selection is the process of evolution of a species whereby characteristics which help individual organisms to survive and reproduce are passed on to their offspring, and those characteristics which do not help are not passed on.
Darwin's theory of evolution is known as 'The Theory of Natural Selection'. It can be described as follows:
(i) Within any population there is natural variation. Some individuals have more favourable variations than others.
(ii) Even though all species produce a large number of offspring's, populations remain fairly constant naturally.
(iii) This is due to the struggle between members of the same species and different species for food, space and mate.
(iv) The struggle for survival within populations eliminates the unfit individuals. The fit individuals possessing favourable variations survive and reproduce. This is called natural selection.
(v) The individuals having favourable variations pass on these variations to their progeny from generation to generation.
(vi) These variations when accumulated over a long period of time, lead to the origin of a new species.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 9 months ago
The changes in DNA during reproduction are mainly responsible for evolution. The changes which take place in the DNA of species go on accumulating from one generation to the next. So, if the changes in the DNA of any two species are less, then the two species are quite close to one another in evolutionary terms. But if the changes in the DNA of two species are much more, then the two species will be far apart from one another in evolutionary terms. Thus, it is the characteristic of the extent of change in the DNA which is being used to determine how close two species are in evolutionary terms.
In evolutionary terms, we can say that bacteria has a 'better' body design than spiders, fish, and, chimpanzees. This is because though bacteria is one of the simplest and primitive life forms but it still inhabits and survives in some of the most inhospitable (most unfavourable) habitats such as hot springs, deep-sea thermal vents and ice in Antarctica. Most other organisms (including spider, fish and chimpanzees) cannot survive in such harsh environments.
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