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Preeti Dabral 2 years, 6 months ago
Formula for calculation of pollen grain germination.
Pollen fertility test (%) = number of stained pollen / Total number of pollen X 100
Pollen sterility test (%) = number of unstained pollen / Total number of pollen X 100
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Preeti Dabral 2 years, 6 months ago
The growth of new plants from vegetative parts of the plant like roots, stem, and leaves other than the seeds is called vegetative propagation. Various artificial methods of vegetative propagation are:
- Cutting: Small piece of plant parts like roots, stem or leaves is cut and used for propagation. Examples: Rose, sugarcane etc.
- Layering: It is the process where roots are induced when a stem comes in contact with the ground. Examples: Grapevine, mango etc.
- Grafting: It is a process of joining a part of a living plant like a stem or bud to another plant and they grow as one plant. Examples: Lime, lemon etc.
- Propagation by plant tissue culture: In this method, plant cells are cultured in an artificial culture media, where a cell divides into an undifferentiated mass of cells called callus which is transferred to different nutrient mediums to grow into plantlets.
In natural methods of vegetative propagation underground roots [Root tubers of Dahlia] or underground stems [bulbs of onions, rhizomes of ginger] or adventitious buds on leaves [Bryophyllum] grow into new plants.
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Posted by Soniya Panwar 2 years, 6 months ago
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Preeti Dabral 2 years, 6 months ago
Flowers that open at maturity to facilitate exposure of pollen and stigma for cross-pollination are referred to as chasmogamous flowers. They are large, colourful flowers with nectar/scent to attract pollinators. Cleistogamous flowers remain closed to avoid cross-pollination.
Here Pollinations are of three types, namely:
1. Autogamy It is a type of self-pollination where the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma takes place within the same flower.
2. Geitonogamy Geitonogamy is the type of self-pollinations where the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma takes place between different flowers in the same plant.
3. Xenogamy Xenogamy is the cross-pollination where the pollen grain transfer occurs across the flowers of two different plants. In other words, the transfer of pollen from the anther of one plant to the stigma of another plant.
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It is the process of regulating gene expression by inhibiting the expression of that specific gene. The repressor (a substance that can inhibit the expression of a gene) gets attached to the operator and inhibits the further process of gene expression.
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The three principal methods used for the creation of transgenic animals are DNA microinjection, embryonic stem cell-mediated gene transfer and retrovirus-mediated gene transfer.
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The energy flow in the ecosystem follows the second law of thermodynamics.”
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Millet is rich in dietary fiber, both soluble and insoluble. The insoluble fiber in millet is known as a “prebiotic,” which means it supports good bacteria in your digestive system. This type of fiber is also important for adding bulk to stools, which helps keep you regular and reduces your risk of colon cancer.
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