Prostate gland secretes a fluid which is a major constituent of semen. The secretion of the prostate is discharged into the urethra at the time of the ejaculation of semen.

Seminal plasma present in sperm produced by males. The major component of seminal plasma includes mucus, spermatozoa, and various secretion of accessory gland. Seminal plasma is rich in fructose, ascorbic acid, calcium, and certain enzymes.

Reproductive health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to the reproductive system and to its functions and processes. Sexual and reproductive health care includes preventing and treating sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS. In addition, reproductive health care can bring patients into the health care system, encouraging diagnosis and treatment of other diseases and conditions.

In vitro fertilization is the most commonly used assisted reproductive technologies (ART). In vitro fertilization, as its name-fertilization is done by fusing ova from female donor and sperm from the male donor outside the body under strict laboratory conditions. This results in a zygote or famously known as test tube baby. After the embryo culturing, an embryo is transferred to the uterus of the mother. This method is commonly done in case of women with damaged or clogged Fallopian tubes.

Seed shape is determined by a single gene, with the allele (R) for round peas dominan tover the allele (r) for wrinkled peas (recessive trait). It the alleles for the gene controlling the seed shape are homozygous in a plant, it will show the character or phenotype of same alleles, i.e., RR-round seed, rr-wrinkled seed. On the other hand, if the alleles of gene are heterozygous, they will express the phenotype of dominant allele. Rr - Round seed (r- wrinkled is recessive) This is the genetic basis of wrinkled phenotype of pea seed.

Fertilization occurs with the fusion of a sperm with an egg to produce a zygote, which eventually develops into an embryo. After fertilization, the ovule develops into a seed, and the ovary develops into a fruit. In the first stage of embryonic development, the zygote divides to form two cells; one will develop into a suspensor, while the other gives rise to a proembryo. There is formation of a diploid zygote and it develops into an embryo, which forms the future plant. The endosperm cells serve as a source of nutrition for the developing embryo. The ovule becomes the seed.

The Humour hypothesis states that there is link between humour and health. This hypothesis was asserted by early Greeks like Hippocrates and Indian Ayurveda system of medicine. According to them, the health was considered as a state of mind where there exists a balance between certain humors. It was thought that persons with blackbite have fevers and belong to hot personality.
This hypothesis was disapproved when William Harvey discovered blood circulation using experimental methods and demonstrated normal body temperature using thermometer.

• Large amount of oxygen is required for decomposition as it is an energy requiring process.
• Chitin and lignin present in detritus slower the rate of decomposition.
• Nitrogen and water-soluble substances like sugars in detritus increases the rate of decomposition.
• Warm and moist environment favour decomposition whereas low temperature, dryness and anaerobiosis inhibit decomposition.

The menstrual cycle is the scientific term for the physiological changes that occur in fertile women for the purpose of sexual reproduction. The menstrual cycle is controlled by the endocrine system and commonly divided into three phases: the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase. Embryonic development takes through several developmental stages. The sperm and ovum fuse to form the zygote. The zygote undergoes mitotic cleavage to form morula which is a 16 celled stage known as the morula which further divides to form blastula which is 128 celled stage. Once the embryo reaches the blastocyst stage, approximately five to six days after fertilization, it hatches out of its zona pellucida and begins the process of implantation in the uterus.

NK cells differ from natural killer T cells (NKTs) phenotypically, by origin and by respective effector functions; often, NKT cell activity promotes NK cell activity by secreting interferon gamma. Natural Killer (NK) Cells are lymphocytes in the same family as T and B cells, coming from a common progenitor. However, as cells of the innate immune system, NK cells are classified as group I Innate Lymphocytes (ILCs) and respond quickly to a wide variety of pathological challenges.

Hemophilia is a rare blood disease that usually occurs in males. In fact, it's extremely rare for women to be born with the condition because of the way it's passed down genetically. A female would need to inherit two copies of the faulty gene — one from each parent — to develop hemophilia A, B or C. Hemophilia A and hemophilia B are inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. The genes associated with these conditions are located on the X chromosome, which is one of the two *** chromosomes. ... In X-linked recessive inheritance, a female with one altered copy of the gene in each cell is called a carrier.

In the process of DNA replication, the DNA makes multiple copies of itself. It is a biological polymerization which proceeds in the sequence of initiation, elongation, and termination. The whole process takes place with the help of enzymes where DNA-dependent DNA polymerase being the chief enzyme.

Following are the important steps involved in DNA replication:

Initiation

DNA replication demands a high degree of accuracy because even a minute mistake would result in mutations. Thus, replication cannot initiate randomly at any point in DNA.

For the replication to begin there is a particular region called the origin of replication. This is the point where the replication originates. Replication begins with the spotting of this origin followed by the unwinding of the two DNA strands.

Unzipping of DNA strands in its entire length is unfeasible due to high energy input. Hence, first, a replication fork is created catalyzed by polymerases enzyme which is an opening in the DNA strand.

Elongation

As the strands are separated, the polymerase enzymes start synthesizing the complementary sequence in each of the strands. The parental strands will act as a template for newly synthesizing daughter strands.

It is to be noted that elongation is unidirectional i.e. DNA is always polymerized only in the 5′ to 3′ direction.  Therefore, in one strand (the template 3‘→5‘) it is continuous, hence called continuous replication while on the other strand (the template 5‘→3‘) it is discontinuous replication. They occur as fragments called Okazaki fragments. The enzyme called DNA ligase joins them later.

Amniocentesis includes extraction of amniotic fluid by insertion of a needle through the abdomen into the uterus and amniotic sac. Amniotic fluid contains amniotic membrane cells and foetus skin cells which are then cultured to detect any chromosomal anomaly in the foetus by analysing chromosomal aberration/defects. Since amniocentesis can also disclose the *** of foetus, it has been misused by expecting parents abort the developing foetus if it is a female child. *** determination by amniocentesis caused genetic imbalance by reducing a number of females to males and thus its use for *** determination of foetus has been banned in India where the girl child is still unwanted one. 

Bioprospecting is exploring molecular, genetic and species-level diversity for products of economic importance.

Cleistogamy is the self pollination occurring in an unopened flower.
 Advantages:
This type self-pollination does not require external agent.
It preserves useful characters of the parent individual.
It helps in producing pure lines.  
Disadvantages:
This self-pollination does not help in producing new varieties and species.

Monecious flowers means either androecium or gynoecium oresent not both But pea flower has androecium and gynoecium in the same flower hence it is bisexual. Pisum sativum (the pea) contains both anthers/pistils (male parts of flowers) and pistils (female parts.) That makes them monoecious.