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Gaurav Seth 5 years, 3 months ago
Linkage is a phenomenon of certain genes to stay together during inheritance through generations without any change or separation due to their being present on the same chromosome. Linkage was first suggested by Sutton and Boveri (1902-1903) when they propounded the chromosomal theory of inheritance. In 1911, Morgan and Castle proposed the chromosomal theory of linkage.
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 3 months ago
No individual is immortal except some single-celled organisms (e.g., Amoeba). It is due to the fact that they divide and continue to live as their daughter cells.
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Gaurav Seth 5 years, 3 months ago
Biopiracy is defined as the illegal removal of biological material of a country by organisations or multinational companies without proper authorisation from the concerned countries.
Biopiracy refers to the use of bioresources by multinational companies and other organisations without proper authorisation from people and countries concerned.
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Gaurav Seth 5 years, 3 months ago
Aminoacylation:It is a two stage process whereby amino acids are 'activated' in order to be incorporated into proteins; energy in the form of ATP is required and one of a family of 20 aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, one specific for each amino acid, links the carboxyl group of the amino acid to either the 2′- or 3′-hydroxyl group of the ribose unit at the 3′-end of tRNA.
Amino acids are activated in the presence of ATP and linked to (cognate) t-RNA
Posted by Nisha Yadav 5 years, 3 months ago
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Gaurav Seth 5 years, 3 months ago
a) If both the strands act as template, they would code for RNA molecule with different sequences, and in turn they code for different proteins.
b) the two RNA molecules if produced simultaneously would be complementary to each other , hence would for a double stranded RNA.
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 3 months ago
Gene therapy is a technique for correcting a defective gene through gene manipulation. It involves the delivery of a normal gene into the individual to replace the defective gene, for example, the introduction of gene for adenosine deaminase (ADA) in ADA deficient individual. The adenosine deaminase enzyme is important for the normal functioning of the immune system. The individual suffering from this disorder can be cured by transplantation of bone marrow cells. The first step involves the extraction of lymphocyte from the patient’s bone marrow. Then, a functional gene for ADA is introduced into lymphocytes with the help of retrovirus. These treated lymphocytes containing ADA gene are then introduced into the patient’s bone marrow. Thus, the gene gets activated producing functional T- lymphocytes and activating the patient’s immune system
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 3 months ago
Firstly we prepare two DNA sequences corresponding to chain A and B of human insulin. It is introduced in a plasmid of Escherichia coli to produce insulin chains . Chain A and B are produced separately, extracted and combined by creating disulfide bonds to form human insulin or Humulin.
Posted by ? Yang ? 5 years, 3 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 3 months ago
The method where in specific mRNA is silenced due to complementary dsRNA molecule by RNA inference is called RNA silencing. These two RNA's being complementary to each other formed a double stranded (dsRNA) that initiated RNAi. • The dsRNA injected into the host plant from outside called exogenous dsRNA. RNA silencing or RNA interference refers to a family of gene silencing effects by which gene expression is negatively regulated by non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs. RNA silencing may also be defined as sequence-specific regulation of gene expression triggered by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA).
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 3 months ago
Catalytic RNAs present a new target for drugs and can be used for inactivating unwanted RNA or DNA molecules by a specific cleavage reaction. ... Other RNAs, like transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), were considered as helper molecules to assist the function of proteins.
Posted by ? Yang ? 5 years, 3 months ago
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Gaurav Seth 5 years, 3 months ago
The steps in the production of human insulin by genetic engineering method includes:
1. Human insulin is extracted from pancreas cells and an insulin-producing gene is isolated.
2. A plasmid DNA is extracted from a bacterium and cut with restriction enzyme, forming plasmid vector.
3. Insert human insulin-producing gene into the bacterial plasmid vector to form the recombinant DNA of human insulin-producing gene.
4. Introduce this recombinant DNA into a bacterial cell to form the recombinant bacterium.
5. The recombinant bacteria multiply in a fermentation tank and produce human insulin.
6. Insulin is extracted, purified and bottled. It is then ready to be injected into diabetic patients.
<section> </section>Posted by ? Yang ? 5 years, 3 months ago
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Gaurav Seth 5 years, 3 months ago
Cry proteins are encoded by cry genes. These proteins are toxins, which are produced by Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria. This bacterium contains these proteins in their inactive from. When the inactive toxin protein is ingested by the insect, it gets activated by the alkaline pH of the gut. This results in the lysis of epithelial cell and eventually the death of the insect. Therefore, man has exploited this protein to develop certain transgenic crops with insect resistance such as Bt cotton, Bt corn, etc.
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Vansh Prajapati 5 years, 3 months ago
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