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Humans have five vital organs that are essential for survival. These are the brain, heart, kidneys, liver and lungs.
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Feedback mechanism is the mechanism of the body to maintain the levels of hormones in the body in the desired limits. An increase or decrease in the levels of the hormones triggers the feedback mechanism.
The body has two types of feedback mechanisms, positive and negative feedback mechanism.
Example:
Negative feedback mechanism:
Whenever there is a change in the normal state, the messages are sent to ‘increase’ secretions if there is a fall below normal or to ‘decrease’ secretions if there is a rise above normal to restore the normal body state. Such a mechanism is called a negative feedback mechanism.
The increase in the blood sugar level stimulates the secretion of insulin so that the sugar level is maintained. If the blood sugar level falls below normal, then it stimulates the secretion of glucagon. Glucagon stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to glucose, and thus, the normal sugar level is maintained.
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Reproduction is the ability of an organism to produce the young ones of its own kind.
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Camouflage may be defined as some set of methods adopted by the organism in order to hide or protect itself from its environment. These methods may include change in color, body shape or behavior of the organism in order to resemble with the surrounding environment.
Camouflage helps the insects to protect themselves from the predators. They make themselves resemble to the surrounding so that the predators cannot notice them. For example a monarch butterfly is a very bad tasting insect for the birds having orange-black patterned wing, so the viceroy butterfly makes itself resemble to the monarch butterfly protecting itself from the prey. Also many harmless insects resemble themselves to insects which can sting in order to protect themselves.
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The plasma membrane is an essential membrane of the cell which plays an important role in the separation of the interior organelles of the cells from the external environment. The plasma membrane is a tough, rigid and flexible layer, found surrounding the cellular compartments. They are mainly involved in the membranes formation of the other organelles and also controls the transportation of substances across the membrane. The plasma membranes have numerous functions and are mainly depended on their site of location.
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Acquiring characteristics or traits from one generation to the other is nothing but inheritance. Here, both the parents contribute equally to the inheritance of traits. It was Gregor Mendel, known as the Father of Genetics, who conducted immense research and studied this inheritance of traits.
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Genotype is the set of genes that carries specific information for a particular trait like character. For example though genes carry the information for height, the actual information of height if the person is tall or short, is due to alleles. Alleles are the variations of genes. There are 2 alleles (1 on each chromosome) present; i.e. we get 1 allele from mother and 1 from father. The 2 alleles from both mother and father might either be the same or different.
Phenotype on the contrary is responsible for the outward, physical appearance of the organism. The phenotype includes physical characteristics, behaviours corresponding to such species, structures, organs, reflexes, etc.
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Metaphase is a stage of mitosis in the eukaryotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are at their second-most condensed and coiled stage.
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The difference between behaviour of chromosomes and genes are:
- Different chromosomes always segregate independently
- Different genes may or may not segregate independently
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Sia ? 6 years, 7 months ago
Hershey - Chase Experiment (1952) Hershey and Chase conducted their experiments on the T2 phase, a virus. The phase consists only of a protein shell containing its genetic material. In a first experiment, they labelled the DNA of phages with radioactive phosphorus - 32 (the element phosphorus is present in DNA but not present in any of the 20 amino acids from which proteins are made). They allowed the phages to infect E.coli, then removed the protein shells from the infected cells with a blender and separated the cells and viral coats by using a centrifuge. They found that the radioactive tracer was visible only in the pellet of bacterial cells and not in the supernatant containing the protein shells. In a second experiment, they labelled the phages with radioactive Sulfur-35 After separation, the radioactive tracer then was found in the protein shells, but not in the infected bacteria, supporting the hypothesis that the genetic material which infects the bacteria is DNA.
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