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Sia ? 6 years, 4 months ago
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Sia ? 6 years, 4 months ago
- The states of South Asia recognise the importance of cooperation and friendly relationship, among themselves. The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is a major regional initiative by the South Asian states to evolve cooperation through multilateral means. It began in 1985. Unfortunately, due to persisting political differences, SAARC has not had much success. SAARC members signed the South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) which promised the formation of a free trade zone for the whole of South Asia. The aim of SAFTA is to all free trade across the borders. The Agreement was signed in 2004 and came into effect on 1 January 2006. SAFTA aims at lowering trade tariffs by 20% by 2007.
- There is a difference of opinion about SAFTA. Some of our neighbours fear that SAFTA is a way for India to 'invade' their markets and to influence their societies and politics through commercial presence in their countries. On the other hand, India think that there are real economic benefits for all from SAFTA and that a region that trades more freely will be able to cooperate better on political issues. Some in India think that SAFTA is not worth the trouble since India has already bilateral agreements with Bhutan, Nepal and Sri Lanka.
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 4 months ago
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), military alliance established by the North Atlantic Treaty (also called the Washington Treaty) of April 4, 1949, which sought to create a counterweight to Soviet armies stationed in central and eastern Europe after World War II.
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Sia ? 6 years, 4 months ago
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Sia ? 6 years, 4 months ago
द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध के बाद सोवियत संघ एक महाशक्ति के रूप में उभर कर सामने आया। अमरीका का मुकाबला सोवियत संघ के अलावा कोई भी शक्ति नहीं कर सकती थी। अमरीका और सोवियत संघ एक-दूसरे की शक्ति को कम करने और अपनी शक्ति बढ़ाने में लगे हुए थे। इसी होड़ में इन देशों ने दूसरे नव स्वतंत्र देशों की आर्थिक मदद की और अपने पक्ष में करने की कोशिश की। इसी प्रकार सोवियत संघ भी साम्यवाद के प्रसार के लिए अन्य देशों की मदद करता रहा, जिससे उसकी अर्थव्यवस्था पिछड़ गई। अमरीका के साथ हथियारों की होड़ में उसका विकास रुक गया। 1990 में ऐसी परिस्थितियाँ हो गई कि सोवियत संघ अपने गणराज्यों को प्रभुत्व में नहीं रख सका। वे स्वतंत्रता की माँग करने लगे। अब सोवियत संघ की शक्ति खोखली हो चुकी थी। इस कारण 1990 में सोवियत संघ बिखर गया और 15 स्वतंत्र गणराज्य बन गए। रूस सोवियत संघ का उत्तराधिकारी राज्य बना।
सोवियत संघ के विघटन के कारण निम्न थे-
- सोवियत संघ अब राजनीतिक और आर्थिक रूप से कमजोर हो चुका था। उपभोक्ता वस्तुओं की कमी ने नागरिकों में असंतोष भर दिया।
- सोवियत संघ के लोग गोर्बाचेव द्वारा लाए गए सुधारों की धीमी गति से संतुष्ट नहीं थे।
- सोवियत संघ के लोग पूँजीवादी अर्थव्यवस्था को साम्यवाद से अच्छा समझने लगे थे।
- सोवियत संघ पर कम्यूनिस्ट पार्टी ने 70 सालों तक शासन किया। यह पार्टी जनता के प्रति जबावदेह नहीं थी।
- सोवियत संघ के राज्यों में संप्रभुता की इच्छा, राष्ट्रवाद आदि भावनाएँ उभरने लगी, इसलिए वे स्वतंत्रता की माँग करने लगे।
- 1979 में अफगानिस्तान में सोवियत सैनिकों के हस्तक्षेप से सोवियत अर्थव्यवस्था और भी कमजोर हो गई।
- सोवियत संघ की अमरीका के साथ हथियारों की दौड़ ने सोवियत संघ के विकास में रुकावट उत्पन्न की और सारा धन विकास की अपेक्षा हथियारों के निर्माण में लगा दिया गया, जिससे अर्थव्यवस्था खोखली होती चली गई।
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Tannu Dalal 6 years, 4 months ago
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