A notice about publishing annual magazine:

"Unleash Your Creativity - Be A Part Of Our Potpourri"

Dear students,

Our school's culture committee is going to publish our annual magazine 'Potpourri' next month. This magazine would encapsulate the past achievements of our students, as well as articles, poems, short stories and research based journals written by our brilliant students.

We are giving a open call to all, to bring out their brilliant ideas and creative thoughts in the shape of write-ups.

The write-ups submitted by you should be factually and grammatically correct and must not have any kind of plagiarism. You have to submit your content till 30th June 2019, our screening committee will decide whether it is worth publishing or not.

Aman,

Head Boy,

XYZ International School

Follow the following steps:
Step 1 : (i)Read the passage carefully.
(ii)Try to get the theme and subject of the passage. You may ask yourself: “What is this passage about?” This will provide you the gist.
Step 2 : Read carefully. Identify main ideas and important supporting details.
Step 3 : Make notes of the main ideas under headings and add sub-points under sub-headings.
Step 4 : Use proper layout/format, e.g.,
(a) Indented, linear form
(b) Sequential form
(c) Tabular form
(d) Flow chart
(e) Pie chart, graphs or diagrams, etc.
Step 5 : Use recognisable abbreviations wherever possible

Note making Examples Solved Questions

Read the following passages carefully:

Note making Example – Passage 1:

1. Conversation is indeed the most easily teachable of all arts. All you need to do in order to become a good conversationalist is to find a subject that interests you and your listeners. There are, for example, numberless hobbies to talk about. But the important
   thing is that you must talk about other fellow’s hobby rather than your own. Therein lies the secret of your popularity. Talk to your friends about the things that interest them, and you will get a reputation for good fellowship, charming wit, and a brilliant mind. There is nothing that pleases people so much as your interest in their interest.
2. It is just as important to know what subjects to avoid and what subjects to select for good conversation. If you don’t want to be set down as a wet blanket or a bore, be careful to avoid certain unpleasant subjects. Avoid talking about yourself, unless you are asked to do so. People are interested in their own problems not in yours. Sickness or death bores everybody. The only one who willingly listens to such talk is the doctor, but he gets paid for it.
3. To be a good conversationalist you must know not only what to say, but how also to say it. Be mentally quick and witty. But don’t hurt others with your wit. Finally try to avoid mannerism in your conversation. Don’t bite your lips or click your tongue, or roll your eyes or use your hands excessively as you speak.
4. Don’t be like that Frenchman who said, “How can I talk if you hold my hand?”

2.1 Make notes an the contents of above paragraph in any format, using abbreviations. Supply a suitable title also. 5
2.2 Make a summary of the passage. 3

Answers:
2.1 Title: The Art of Conversation Notes:

1. Conv’n—most easily tch’ble art
   (a) Reqd. interest’g subject – hobbies
   (b) Talk about other fellow’s int./hobby
   (c) Win’g reptn. as good conversationalist
   (i) good f’ship
   (ii) charm’g wit
   (iii) brl. mind
2. Fit subs, for conversationalist
   (a) What subs, to avoid/select?
   (b) Avoid unpl’nt subs.
   (i) sickness
   (ii) death
   (c) Avoid talk’g about self
3. Qualities of a good conversationalist
   (a) What to say & how to say it
   (b) ment’y quick & witty
   (c) pleasant & unhurt’g
   (d) avoid mannerisms.

2.2 Conversation is the easiest and the most effective tool than other arts. To have such attractive quality, you need to pick a subject that interest your listners more than you. Talk to your friends on topics that can indulge your friends in the conversation for a longer period of time. Being a good conversationalist, you have to quick and witty. You should have a pleasant and unhurting quality. Mannerism should be avoided.

Word Meaning

Pages 22-23

Saga– long story of events or adventures,लम्बी कहान ी; heir–successor, उत्तराधिकारी; was laid to rest–died; eventually–finally,अंततः;speculated–guessed. अनुमान लगाय ा; clues–link, information, सूचना; precise–exact, accurate, सह ी; data–account; forensic–use of scientific methods in crime investigation, अपराध की जाँच –पड़ताल में वैज्ञानिक परीक्षण; pharaoh–the title of the ancient egyptian kings; stirredup–caused to rise, blew, चली; ancient–of very old times; cemetery–graveyard, burial– ground, कब्रिस्तान ; dark-bellied–bulging, फूले हुए ; scuddedacross–moved fast and smoothly,वेग से चलना;veiling–covering, hiding, आवरण डाल रहे ; casketgrey–ash or lead coloured coffin, धूसर शवपेटिका ; mummy–embalmed human body for burial, रक्षित शव; glided–moved, was pushed, अन्दर गया ; probe–examine closely, जाँच के लिए ; lingering–slow in motion; descended–arrived, climbed down into, आ गए थे; cramped–small in size, सिकुड़ा हुआ; murals–wall paintings,भित्तिचित्र; peered–looked intently,ध्यानपूर्वक देखा ; lid–cover, ढक्कन; pondering–thinking deeplyविचार करते हुए ; shiver–tremble; curse–bad luck, अभिशाप; antiquities–remains of ancient times; archaeologist–पुरातत्ववेत्ता ; futile–unsuccessful, असफल ; contents–treasure; hastily–swiftly: ransacked–looted; antiquity–long past years; legend–a myth, story; stunning–surprising, amazing, विस्मित कर देने वाले ; artefacts–things made by human hand, मानव कृतियाँ; eternal–everlasting,अमर; resurrection–recovered from grave,पुनरुत्थान; sensation–excitement. हलचल; afterlife–next life, life after death; bronze–mixture of brass and copper; linen–cotton; undergarments–under dress, अधोवस्त्र; cases–boxes, पेटियाँ; funerary–relating to burial,कब्र से प्राप्त; coffin–the chest in which a dead body is placed for burial.  Shroud–sheet to wrap a dead body, कफन; adorned–decorated; celery–a kind of plant; petals–leaves,पत्ते; faded–not very sure or clear ;evidence–proof; ritual–ceremonial, विधिसंगत; resins–a kind of gum, राल; cementing–uniting,पक्का चिपका दिया ; legitimate–lawful, genuine, न्यायोचित; hammer–a tool for driving nails, हथौड़ा ; loosen–to soften the glue, ढीला करना l

Page-25

Blazing–scorching, तपतीहुई; budged–moved; detachment–aloofness, objectivity, तटस्थता; consolidated–solidified, ठोस; chiselled away–cut with a tool,छेनी से छीलना पड़ा ; beneath–under,trunk–the main part of the body, शरीर का धड़ ; circumvented–cheated, befooled, धोखा दे देते ; ripped it apart–separated, torn, अलग कर देते; fabulously–excessively, अत्याधिक; lavished–gifted, restored greatly, युक्त किया गया ; glittering–shining, चमकदार; precious–valuable, बहुमूल्य; inlaid–fine material inserted, नगीने जड़े; bracelets–an ornament band for the wrist, कंगन ; amulets–magic chains, रक्षा यंत्र; sheaths–a covering, आवरण; iconic–pertaining to an image; mask–a covering to conceal the faceमुखौटा; adornments–ornaments,श्रृंगार वस्तुएँ ; severed–cut off; reassembled– joined again. पुनः जोड़ दिया ; padding–fill out, भराव ; concealed–hid,छिपा दिया  ; damage–harm done, क्षति ; archaeology–the science of ancient ruins; substantially–greatly; intervening–lying between, बीच में; decades–ten years, दशक ; focussing–giving attention to; fascinating–interesting; intriguing–secret mysterious, रहस्यमय; sophisticated–advanced: anatomy–the science of body- structure, शरीर –रचना शास्त्र ; startling–shock giving,चौंका देने वाली  ;cakes–covers; diagnostic–ascertain disease by symptoms; imaging–taking the pictures of the inside of body: slices–pieces. टुकड़े ; virtual–almost real; reveal–show; lingering–remaining unsolved; demise–death, अंत , मृत्यु; royal standards–criterion, शाही तौर –तरीके या स्तर ; death rattle–death knell, मौत की घंटी ;dynasty–succession of kings of the same family, राज कुल ; particulars–details,सही विवरण ; aftermath–what followed thereafter. बाद की घटनाए ँ; four decades–forty years; succeeded–came to the throne, सिंहासन रूढ़ हुआ; initiated–began, प्रारम्भ किया I

Page 26

Promoted–encouraged, बढ़ावा दिया; shocked–caused disgust, आघात पहुँचाया; smashing–breaking down, तोड़ दिया ; images–statues, मूर्तियाँ; horrific–causing fear, horrifying, डरावना; site–location, स्थान ; wacky–crazy.सनकी ; exited–departed, बाहर निकल गया ; trace–sign, चिह्न; living image of Amun–life- like idol.सूर्य देवता की जीवंत मूर्ति ;restoration–reestablishment, पुनरुद्धार ; reigned–ruled; regardless–in spite of. ignoring; speculation–guess, supposition, अनुमान; inventory–preparing a detailed list. सूची; phase–step; scanning–examining scientifically, वैज्ञानिक परीक्षण; portable–light enough to be carried, हल्की; images–pictures, photos,छायाचित्र; slices–bits, pieces. टुकड़ े; intricate–complex, जटिल; structures–forms. ढाँच े; detail–detail exciting fear, डरावनी; anatomy–science of the structure of the human body; probe–investigate, examine; gilded–coated with gold, सोने का पानी चढ़ा हुआ; pallbearers–those who carry a dead body. शव उठाने वाल ा; ramp–the slope.ढलान; flight of stairs

–a series of steps, सीढ़ियाँ; swirling–moving in a circular motion. अधिक चक्कर खाती; hydraulic–moving with the pressure of water. जलशक्ति से चलने वाल ा; trailer–a vehicle drawn by another; held–contained; emerged–came out; sprinted–ran fast, तेज दौड़ े; quit–left, went out: nervously–in fear, घबराहट के साथ I

Page 27

Eventually–finally, अंततः; substitute–alternative, another, प्रतिस्थापित; procedure–work; data–details; funerary–relating to the funeral or burial; astonishing–amazing, विस्मयकारी; Images–pictures,प्रतिमा  ; scattering–spread out, small-sized, बिखरे हुए ; pixels–small areas of light which make up an image on a screen; tilted–bent.झुकाया  ; revealed–showed; transaction–a part, भाग ;visibly–clearly;relieved–at ease; descending–climbing down, नीचे उतरते ; departed–long last or dead kings. Of Egypt; constellation– a number of stars grouped together, तारामंडलI

Word Meaning

Pages 22-23

Saga– long story of events or adventures,लम्बी कहान ी; heir–successor, उत्तराधिकारी; was laid to rest–died; eventually–finally,अंततः;speculated–guessed. अनुमान लगाय ा; clues–link, information, सूचना; precise–exact, accurate, सह ी; data–account; forensic–use of scientific methods in crime investigation, अपराध की जाँच –पड़ताल में वैज्ञानिक परीक्षण; pharaoh–the title of the ancient egyptian kings; stirredup–caused to rise, blew, चली; ancient–of very old times; cemetery–graveyard, burial– ground, कब्रिस्तान ; dark-bellied–bulging, फूले हुए ; scuddedacross–moved fast and smoothly,वेग से चलना;veiling–covering, hiding, आवरण डाल रहे ; casketgrey–ash or lead coloured coffin, धूसर शवपेटिका ; mummy–embalmed human body for burial, रक्षित शव; glided–moved, was pushed, अन्दर गया ; probe–examine closely, जाँच के लिए ; lingering–slow in motion; descended–arrived, climbed down into, आ गए थे; cramped–small in size, सिकुड़ा हुआ; murals–wall paintings,भित्तिचित्र; peered–looked intently,ध्यानपूर्वक देखा ; lid–cover, ढक्कन; pondering–thinking deeplyविचार करते हुए ; shiver–tremble; curse–bad luck, अभिशाप; antiquities–remains of ancient times; archaeologist–पुरातत्ववेत्ता ; futile–unsuccessful, असफल ; contents–treasure; hastily–swiftly: ransacked–looted; antiquity–long past years; legend–a myth, story; stunning–surprising, amazing, विस्मित कर देने वाले ; artefacts–things made by human hand, मानव कृतियाँ; eternal–everlasting,अमर; resurrection–recovered from grave,पुनरुत्थान; sensation–excitement. हलचल; afterlife–next life, life after death; bronze–mixture of brass and copper; linen–cotton; undergarments–under dress, अधोवस्त्र; cases–boxes, पेटियाँ; funerary–relating to burial,कब्र से प्राप्त; coffin–the chest in which a dead body is placed for burial.  Shroud–sheet to wrap a dead body, कफन; adorned–decorated; celery–a kind of plant; petals–leaves,पत्ते; faded–not very sure or clear ;evidence–proof; ritual–ceremonial, विधिसंगत; resins–a kind of gum, राल; cementing–uniting,पक्का चिपका दिया ; legitimate–lawful, genuine, न्यायोचित; hammer–a tool for driving nails, हथौड़ा ; loosen–to soften the glue, ढीला करना l

Page-25

Blazing–scorching, तपतीहुई; budged–moved; detachment–aloofness, objectivity, तटस्थता; consolidated–solidified, ठोस; chiselled away–cut with a tool,छेनी से छीलना पड़ा ; beneath–under,trunk–the main part of the body, शरीर का धड़ ; circumvented–cheated, befooled, धोखा दे देते ; ripped it apart–separated, torn, अलग कर देते; fabulously–excessively, अत्याधिक; lavished–gifted, restored greatly, युक्त किया गया ; glittering–shining, चमकदार; precious–valuable, बहुमूल्य; inlaid–fine material inserted, नगीने जड़े; bracelets–an ornament band for the wrist, कंगन ; amulets–magic chains, रक्षा यंत्र; sheaths–a covering, आवरण; iconic–pertaining to an image; mask–a covering to conceal the faceमुखौटा; adornments–ornaments,श्रृंगार वस्तुएँ ; severed–cut off; reassembled– joined again. पुनः जोड़ दिया ; padding–fill out, भराव ; concealed–hid,छिपा दिया  ; damage–harm done, क्षति ; archaeology–the science of ancient ruins; substantially–greatly; intervening–lying between, बीच में; decades–ten years, दशक ; focussing–giving attention to; fascinating–interesting; intriguing–secret mysterious, रहस्यमय; sophisticated–advanced: anatomy–the science of body- structure, शरीर –रचना शास्त्र ; startling–shock giving,चौंका देने वाली  ;cakes–covers; diagnostic–ascertain disease by symptoms; imaging–taking the pictures of the inside of body: slices–pieces. टुकड़े ; virtual–almost real; reveal–show; lingering–remaining unsolved; demise–death, अंत , मृत्यु; royal standards–criterion, शाही तौर –तरीके या स्तर ; death rattle–death knell, मौत की घंटी ;dynasty–succession of kings of the same family, राज कुल ; particulars–details,सही विवरण ; aftermath–what followed thereafter. बाद की घटनाए ँ; four decades–forty years; succeeded–came to the throne, सिंहासन रूढ़ हुआ; initiated–began, प्रारम्भ किया I

Page 26

Promoted–encouraged, बढ़ावा दिया; shocked–caused disgust, आघात पहुँचाया; smashing–breaking down, तोड़ दिया ; images–statues, मूर्तियाँ; horrific–causing fear, horrifying, डरावना; site–location, स्थान ; wacky–crazy.सनकी ; exited–departed, बाहर निकल गया ; trace–sign, चिह्न; living image of Amun–life- like idol.सूर्य देवता की जीवंत मूर्ति ;restoration–reestablishment, पुनरुद्धार ; reigned–ruled; regardless–in spite of. ignoring; speculation–guess, supposition, अनुमान; inventory–preparing a detailed list. सूची; phase–step; scanning–examining scientifically, वैज्ञानिक परीक्षण; portable–light enough to be carried, हल्की; images–pictures, photos,छायाचित्र; slices–bits, pieces. टुकड़ े; intricate–complex, जटिल; structures–forms. ढाँच े; detail–detail exciting fear, डरावनी; anatomy–science of the structure of the human body; probe–investigate, examine; gilded–coated with gold, सोने का पानी चढ़ा हुआ; pallbearers–those who carry a dead body. शव उठाने वाल ा; ramp–the slope.ढलान; flight of stairs

–a series of steps, सीढ़ियाँ; swirling–moving in a circular motion. अधिक चक्कर खाती; hydraulic–moving with the pressure of water. जलशक्ति से चलने वाल ा; trailer–a vehicle drawn by another; held–contained; emerged–came out; sprinted–ran fast, तेज दौड़ े; quit–left, went out: nervously–in fear, घबराहट के साथ I

Page 27

Eventually–finally, अंततः; substitute–alternative, another, प्रतिस्थापित; procedure–work; data–details; funerary–relating to the funeral or burial; astonishing–amazing, विस्मयकारी; Images–pictures,प्रतिमा  ; scattering–spread out, small-sized, बिखरे हुए ; pixels–small areas of light which make up an image on a screen; tilted–bent.झुकाया  ; revealed–showed; transaction–a part, भाग ;visibly–clearly;relieved–at ease; descending–climbing down, नीचे उतरते ; departed–long last or dead kings. Of Egypt; constellation– a number of stars grouped together, तारामंडलI

Frank continues to talk and ask about Crocker-Harris but maintains the dignity of a teacher. When Taplow gets carried away and speaks a bit disrespectfully, Frank points it out. He seems to want to know what kind of a person Crocker-Harris is.

1. This world can’t be studied in isolation. The mechanical view of the world gives a distorted picture. We need to develop a holistic view of the world. It is a comprehensive view of the world with all its natural resources and species. Human beings are just a part of it. Like a human body this earth is a living organism. It has its own metabolism. We should not destroy this natural growth and functioning of the world.

The war proves to be a personal disaster for the narrator. Her mother dies. Before leaving the town her mother hands over all her valuable articles to Mrs Dorling. She assures to keep them in safe custody. Before dying the mother gives the address of Mrs Dorling to her daughter. The narrator goes there in search of her mother’s belongings and to recover them from Mrs Dorling.

Yes

The war proves to be a personal disaster for the narrator. Her mother dies. Before leaving the town her mother hands over all her valuable articles to Mrs Dorling. She assures to keep them in safe custody. Before dying the mother gives the address of Mrs Dorling to her daughter. The narrator goes there in search of her mother’s belongings and to recover them from Mrs Dorling.

Mrs Dorling is some acquaintance of Mrs S, the mother of the narrator. She exploits Mrs S’s fears of the war. She herself insists that Mrs S should hand over all her ‘nice things’ to her. They will remain safe even if they have to leave the place during the war. No, her behaviour can’t be justified. Neither does she entertain nor help the narrator. She even refuses to recognise her. She makes no effort to return those articles to the girl which once belonged to her mother.

2, 

Yuri is Albert’s only friend. Albert tells him everything of his life. He tells Yuri that he doesn’t like to go to school. At once he thinks of a plan. He asks Yuri if he has a doctor as his friend. His plan is to get a medical certificate from that doctor. The doctor shall certify that Albert suffers from a nervous breakdown. This will enable him to leave school for some period. Yuri tells him that he knows Dr. Ernest Weil. He has qualified as a doctor only the previous week. Yuri fixes an appointment with him. Yuri tells Albert to tell the doctor everything clearly. So Albert hides nothing from the doctor. Dr. Ernest Weil issues him a certificate. His fees are that Albert shall host a dinner to Yuri. In this way, Yuri helps Albert in his efforts to stay away from the school.

1. 

Albert's father was very poor and hence could not afford a lavish boarding house for Albert. His father had so little money to spare that Albert had been found a room in one of the poorest quarters of Munich. Although Albert did not mind the bad food and lack of comfort, or even the dirt and squalor but he hated the atmosphere of slum violence. Albert hated the idea of one human being beating or hurting another.

2. 

The class was on. The History teacher asked Albert in what year had defeated the French at Waterloo. Albert said that he didn’t know the answer. The History teacher Mr. Braun asked why. Albert told that he might have forgotten. He asked Albert why he didn’t try to learn the dates. Albert told him that he didn’t see any point in earning dates. One could look up the dates in books. This irritated Mr. Braun. He attributed to Albert that he didn’t believe in education at all. He asked sarcastically what he meant by the Einstein theory of education. Albert told him that for him what mattered in education was ideas, an not acts. He was interested in learning why soldiers tried to kill others in war. He was not intereste in knowing how many of them were killed.

the thought was almost revolting – the idea was disgusting

an expanse of pure white serenity – silence with white hair and white clothes spread in the house,

a turning point – a radical point of change

accepted her seclusion with resignation – made no protest; accepted her aloofness calmly

a veritable bedlam of chirruping – a noise as one hears in a lunatic asylum

frivolous rebukes – light-hearted scolding

the sagging skins of the dilapidated drum – the loose skins of an old worn-out drum.

Portrait-word picture, शब्द चित्र; wrinkled-full of creases or folds झुर्रियों से भरा ; pretty-charming, सुंदर ; mantel piece–shelf above a fireplace, अंगीठी के ऊपर बना टाँड ; turban-head gear,पगड़ी ; revolting-disgusting,अरुचिकर ; absurd-ridiculous, foolish,मूर्खतापूर्ण ; undignified-not respectable,अशोभनीय; fables-legendary tales with moral lessons, शिक्षाप्रद कहानियाँ ; prophets-God’s messengers, पैगम्बर , गुरु; slightly–a little, थोड़ी -सी; criss-cross-intersecting lines,एक दूसरे को काटती रेखाएँ l

Terribly-frightening, डरावन ी; hobbled–walked lamely, लंगड़ाकर चलती थ ी; stoop-swoop or bent of the body, शरीर का झुकाव; beads of her rosary-small balls of a string of beads used for prayer.मालाके दाने यामनके; silver locks–white hair,सफ़ेद बाल; scattered-spread,बिखरे रहते थे; untidily–in a disorderly manner, अनसुलझे हुए; puckered–wrinkled, झुर्रीदार; inaudible–which could not be heard, जो सुनाई न द े; landscape–the portion of land one can see at one glance,भूद्रश्य; expanse–wide extent, विस्तार; serenity–calmness, शांति ; contentment–mental peace,शांति ; constantly–all the time, सदैव; monotonous–in the same tone, एक स्वर में ; sing–song–dull, एक सुर; fetch–bring, ले आती थी; plastered–covered, smeared, पुती हुई ; tiny earthen–small, made of earth,मिट्टी की छोटे आकार की; stale–not fresh, बासी ; attached on the same building. जुड़ा हुआ; alphabet– letters, वर्णाक्षर; rows–straight lines, कतार; In a chorus–together,समूह में; scriptures– holy books. धार्मिक पुस्तकें; growling–making angry sound, गुर्राना; turning point– a point of marked change,मोड़; courtyard–open space, आँगन; rolled by–passed

B) A French printer

French painter Jean Dubuffet challenged the concept of 'art brut' in the 1940s. 

B. January 2

The waves were gigantic on 2nd January. In order to protect themselves, they decided to slow down the boat. They dropped the storm jib and lashed a heavy mooring rope in a loop across the stem.

B. Wave walker

C. Black

Sue's head had swollen alarmingly; she had two enormous black eyes, and now she showed us a deep cut on her arm.

Sparrows were very closely attached to author's grandmother. She use to give bread crumbs to sparrows when she is alive.
When she died the sparrows express their sorrow by not chirrup.They gathered in thousand around her dead body. The sparrows also express their love for author's grandmother by not eating bread crumbs thrown to them by author's mother and when the dead body was taken for cremation, they fly away quietly.