Ask questions which are clear, concise and easy to understand.
Ask QuestionPosted by Nishant Upadhayay 5 years, 7 months ago
- 0 answers
Posted by Yash Singh 6 years, 8 months ago
- 0 answers
Posted by Anjali Sharma 6 years, 8 months ago
- 1 answers
Posted by 1234567890 0987654321 6 years, 8 months ago
- 3 answers
Khushii Verma 6 years, 8 months ago
Anjali Sharma 6 years, 8 months ago
Posted by Samarth Jain 6 years, 8 months ago
- 0 answers
Posted by Vispendera Rai 4 years, 5 months ago
- 1 answers
Sia ? 4 years, 5 months ago
| Primary Data | Secondary Data |
| Primary data are those that are collected for the first time. | Secondary data refer to those data that have already been collected by some other person. |
| These are original because these are collected by the investigator for the first time. | These are not original because someone else has collected these for his own purpose. |
| These are in the form of raw materials. | These are in the finished form. |
| These are more reliable and suitable for the enquiry because these are collected for a particular purpose. | These are less reliable and less suitable as someone else has collected the data which may not perfectly match our purpose. |
| Collecting primary data is quite expensive both in the terms of time and money. | Secondary data requires less time and money; hence it is economical. |
| No particular precaution or editing is required while using the primary data as these were collected with a definite purpose. | Both precaution and editing are essential as secondary data were collected by someone else for his own purpose. |
Posted by Nikunj Kumar 6 years, 8 months ago
- 1 answers
Anjali Sharma 6 years, 8 months ago
Posted by Uttam Koranga 6 years, 8 months ago
- 0 answers
Posted by Sandhya Gaur Gaur 6 years, 8 months ago
- 2 answers
Khushii Verma 6 years, 8 months ago
Posted by Saksham Kumar 6 years, 8 months ago
- 1 answers
Posted by Sourav Bhoumik 6 years, 8 months ago
- 0 answers
Posted by Shweta Magar 6 years, 8 months ago
- 1 answers
Gayatri Nanda 6 years, 8 months ago
Posted by Arafat Adil 6 years, 8 months ago
- 1 answers
Posted by Shivam Tyagi 6 years, 8 months ago
- 0 answers
Posted by Ayush Mehta 6 years, 8 months ago
- 1 answers
Yogita Ingle 6 years, 8 months ago
Sources of Data
1. Primary Source
2. Secondary Sources
a. Published sources
b. Un-published sources
Posted by Anuj Bhirgu 6 years, 8 months ago
- 1 answers
Yogita Ingle 6 years, 8 months ago
Normative economics is an outlook on economics that contemplates normative or ideologically dictatorial, discernments toward economic enhancement, statements, investment projects and framework. Disparate to positive economics, which depends on intentional data analysis, normative economics decisively solicitudes itself with value discernments and statements of “what has to be” rather than certitude based on cause-and-effect declarations. Normative economics manifests ideological judgments about what may be the outcome in an economic pursuit if public policy changes are made.
Posted by Updesh Khangura 6 years, 8 months ago
- 2 answers
Khushii Verma 6 years, 8 months ago
Gayatri Nanda 6 years, 8 months ago
Posted by Gayatri Nanda 6 years, 8 months ago
- 2 answers
Sakshi Sharma??️??️ 6 years, 8 months ago
Gaurav Seth 6 years, 8 months ago
Lorenz Curve is a curve which measures the distribution of wealth and income. Now it is also used for the study of the distribution of profits, wages etc.
Lorenz Curve
<font face="Verdana"><font style="text-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3) 0px 1px 1px; user-select: initial !important; line-height: 1.5em; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The measures of dispersion discussed so far give a numerical value of dispersion. A graphical measure called Lorenz Curve is available for estimating dispersion. You may have heard of statements like 'top 10% of the people of a country earn 50% of the national income while top 20% account for 80%'. An idea about income disparities is given by such figures. Lorenz Curve uses the information expressed in a cumulative manner to indicate the degree of variability. It is especially useful in comparing the variability of two or more distributions. Given below are the monthly incomes of employees of a company.</font></font>
<font face="Verdana"><font style="text-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3) 0px 1px 1px; user-select: initial !important; line-height: 1.5em; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-family: roboto, sans-serif !important;">TABLE 6.4</font></font>
<font face="Verdana"><font style="text-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3) 0px 1px 1px; user-select: initial !important; line-height: 1.5em; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-family: roboto, sans-serif !important;">
</font></font>
<font face="Verdana"><font style="text-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3) 0px 1px 1px; user-select: initial !important; line-height: 1.5em; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-family: roboto, sans-serif !important;">Example 16</font></font>
<font face="Verdana"><font style="text-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3) 0px 1px 1px; user-select: initial !important; line-height: 1.5em; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-family: roboto, sans-serif !important;">
</font></font>
<font face="Verdana"><font style="text-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3) 0px 1px 1px; user-select: initial !important; line-height: 1.5em; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-family: roboto, sans-serif !important;">Construction of the Lorenz Curve</font></font>
<font face="Verdana"><font style="text-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3) 0px 1px 1px; user-select: initial !important; line-height: 1.5em; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-family: roboto, sans-serif !important;">Following steps are required.</font></font>
- <font face="Verdana"><font style="text-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3) 0px 1px 1px; user-select: initial !important; line-height: 1.5em; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-family: roboto, sans-serif !important;">Calculate class mid-points and find cumulative totals as in Col. 3 in the example 16, given above.</font></font>
- <font face="Verdana"><font style="text-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3) 0px 1px 1px; user-select: initial !important; line-height: 1.5em; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-family: roboto, sans-serif !important;"><font face="Verdana"><font style="text-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3) 0px 1px 1px; user-select: initial !important; line-height: 1.5em; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-family: roboto, sans-serif !important;">Calculate cumulative frequencies as in Col. 6.</font></font></font></font>
- <font face="Verdana"><font style="text-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3) 0px 1px 1px; user-select: initial !important; line-height: 1.5em; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-family: roboto, sans-serif !important;"><font face="Verdana"><font style="text-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3) 0px 1px 1px; user-select: initial !important; line-height: 1.5em; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-family: roboto, sans-serif !important;">Express the grand totals of Col. 3 and 6 as 100, and convert the cumulative totals in these columns into percentages, as in Col. 4 and 7.</font></font></font></font>
- <font face="Verdana"><font style="text-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3) 0px 1px 1px; user-select: initial !important; line-height: 1.5em; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-family: roboto, sans-serif !important;"><font face="Verdana"><font style="text-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3) 0px 1px 1px; user-select: initial !important; line-height: 1.5em; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-family: roboto, sans-serif !important;">Now, on the graph paper, take the cumulative percentages of the variable (incomes) on Y axis and cumulative percentages of frequencies (number of employees) on X-axis, as in figure 6.1. Thus each axis will have values from '0' to '100'.</font></font></font></font>
- <font face="Verdana"><font style="text-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3) 0px 1px 1px; user-select: initial !important; line-height: 1.5em; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-family: roboto, sans-serif !important;"><font face="Verdana"><font style="text-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3) 0px 1px 1px; user-select: initial !important; line-height: 1.5em; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-family: roboto, sans-serif !important;">Draw a line joining Co-ordinate (0, 0) with (100,100). This is called the line of equal distribution shown as line 'OC' in figure 6.1.</font></font></font></font>
- <font face="Verdana"><font style="text-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3) 0px 1px 1px; user-select: initial !important; line-height: 1.5em; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-family: roboto, sans-serif !important;"><font face="Verdana"><font style="text-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3) 0px 1px 1px; user-select: initial !important; line-height: 1.5em; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-family: roboto, sans-serif !important;">Plot the cumulative percentages of the variable with corresponding cumulative percentages of frequency. Join these points to get the curve OAC.</font></font></font></font>
Studying the Lorenz Curve
<font face="Verdana"><font style="text-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3) 0px 1px 1px; user-select: initial !important; line-height: 1.5em; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-family: roboto, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">OC is called the line of equal distribution, since it would imply a situation like, top 20% people earn 20% of total income and top 60% earn 60% of the total income. The farther the curve OAC from this line, the greater is the variability present in the distribution. If there are two or more curves, the one which is the farthest from line OC has the highest dispersion.</font></font>
<font face="Verdana"><font style="text-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3) 0px 1px 1px; user-select: initial !important; line-height: 1.5em; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-family: roboto, sans-serif !important;">
</font></font>
Posted by Abhi Yadav 6 years, 8 months ago
- 1 answers
Posted by Narvir Rana 6 years, 8 months ago
- 1 answers
Posted by Simran Saroha 6 years, 8 months ago
- 3 answers
Nitender Bisht 6 years, 8 months ago
Posted by Taresh Kumar 6 years, 8 months ago
- 3 answers
Khushii Verma 6 years, 8 months ago
Demons King 6 years, 8 months ago
Rahul Adhikari 6 years, 8 months ago
Posted by Aditi Majumder 6 years, 8 months ago
- 3 answers
Demons King 6 years, 8 months ago
Amrainder Singh 6 years, 8 months ago
Posted by Abc Xyz 6 years, 8 months ago
- 0 answers
Posted by Juhi Hirwani 6 years, 9 months ago
- 1 answers
Gaurav Seth 6 years, 9 months ago
A price index measures changes in prices between two points of time whereas a quantity index measures changes in the volume of goods produce.
Posted by Harshit Gupta 6 years, 9 months ago
- 0 answers
Posted by Gautam Verma 6 years, 9 months ago
- 2 answers
Rahul Adhikari 6 years, 8 months ago
Aditi Majumder 6 years, 8 months ago
Posted by Divyansh Shandilya 6 years, 9 months ago
- 1 answers
Sahil Sharma 6 years, 8 months ago
Posted by Arpita Sanyal 6 years, 9 months ago
- 0 answers

myCBSEguide
Trusted by 1 Crore+ Students

Test Generator
Create papers online. It's FREE.

CUET Mock Tests
75,000+ questions to practice only on myCBSEguide app
myCBSEguide