Ans. \(\sum X = 100\)

\(N = 10\)

\(\overline X = {\sum X\over N} = {100\over 10} = 10\)

\(\sum X^2 = 1090\)

\(\sigma = {\sqrt{ {\sum X^2\over N } - ({\overline X})^2}}\)

\(\sigma = \sqrt { {1090\over 10} - (10)^2}\)

\(\sigma = \sqrt {109-100} = \sqrt 9 =3\)

\(CV = {\sigma \over \overline X} \times 100 = {3\over 10}\times 100 = 30\)

Ans. Distribution of College Students by Reliogn and Faculty

Faculty	Boys	Girls
Hindus	Non-Hindus	Total	Hindus	Non-Hindus	Total
Science	148	57	205	114	121	235
Art	244	179	423	214	48	262
Total	392	236	628	328	169	497

 

Ans. Some essential of good average are following :

• Good Average should be based on all the observations
• Good Average should not be unduly affected by extreme value
• Good<i> </i>Average should be easy to calculate and simple to understand
• Good Average should be capable of further algebraic treatment
• Good Average should not be affected by variations of sampling

Add 0.5

Example-price.      Rank

                  25             2.5

                 35.               1

                   25.            2.5

                  15.            3

Ans.

• Difficulties in the Selection of the Base Period: The first difficulty relates to the selection of the base year. The base year should be normal. But it is difficult to determine a truly normal year.

• Difficulties in the Selection of Commodities:The selection of representative commodities for the index number is another difficulty. The choice of representative commodities is not an easy matter. They have to be selected from a wide range of commodities which the majority of people consume.

• Difficulties in the Collection of Prices:Another difficulty is that of collecting adequate and accurate prices. It is often not possible to get them from the same source or place.

• Arbitrary Assigning of Weights:In calculating weighted price index, a number of difficulties arise.The problem is to give different weights to commodities.The selection of higher weight for one commodity and a lower weight for another is simply arbitrary. There is no set rule and it entirely depends on the investigator.

• Difficulty of Selecting the Method of Averaging:Another difficulty is to select an appropriate method of calculating averages. There are a number of methods which can be used for this purpose.

• Difficulties Arising from Changes Overtime:In the present times, changes in the nature of commodities are taking place continuously overtime due to technological changes. As a result, new commodities are introduced and people start consuming them in place of the old ones.

• Not All Purpose:An index number constructed for a particular purpose cannot be used for some other purpose.

• International Comparisons not Possible:International price comparisons are not possible with index numbers. The commodities consumed and included in the construction of an index number differ from country to country.

• Comparisons of Different Places not Possible:Even if different places within a country are taken, it is not possible to apply the same index number to them. This is because of differences in the consumption habits of people.

• Not Applicable to an Individual:An index number is not applicable to an individual belonging to a group for which it is constructed. If an index number shows a rise in the price level, an individual may not be affected by it. This is because an index number reflects averages.

Conclusion:It may be concluded from the difficulties and limitations of index numbers that index numbers are at best approximations to measure changes in the value of money. However, these difficulties become less significant if index numbers are constructed for short intervals. This is because habits, tastes, techniques of production and the qualities of commodities entering into a price index number do not change during the short period.

Infrastructure refers to structures, systems, and facilities serving the economy of a business, industry, country, city, town, or area, including the services and facilities necessary for its economy to function.

Infrastructure is the basic physical systems of a business or nation; transportation, communication, sewage, water and electric systems are all examples of infrastructure. These systems tend to be high-cost investments; however, they are vital to a country's economic development and prosperity. Projects related to infrastructure improvements may be funded publicly, privately or through Public-private partnerships
 

<div style="clear:both;">Meaning: - Liberalisation is the process of liberating the economy from various regulatory and control mechanisms of the state and of giving greater freedom to private enterprise.</div> <div> </div> <div> </div> <div>Definition: - Liberalisation can be defined as, “Unilateral or multilateral reductions in tariffs and other measures that restrict trade”</div> <div> </div> <div>NEED FOR LIBERALISATION</div> <div> </div>

• Bring flexibility in the operations of business organisations.
• Paves the way for globalisation
• Helps companies to compete with other companies at international level.
• Saves time, efforts and money of business enterprises.
• reduces cost of production and distribution

Increase efficiency, productivity and profitability of business organisations.

Reduction of unnecessary management and control

Removing all unnecessary restrictions and control is known as liberalization

organizing or arranging something into different classes or group !

Grouping of similar things togther is called classification.

Mean is defined as the sum of all the items divided by their number.