Boolean Logic is a form of algebra which is centered around three simple words known as Boolean Operators: “Or,” “And,” and “Not”. At the heart of Boolean Logic is the idea that all values are either true or false. Programs use simple comparisons to help make decisions. Boolean logic is a form of algebra where all values are either True or False. These values of true and false are used to test the conditions that selection and iteration are based around.

Charles Babbage KH FRS ( 26 December 1791 – 18 October 1871) was an English polymath. A mathematician, philosopher, inventor and mechanical engineer, Babbage originated the concept of a digital programmable computer.

Considered by some to be "father of the computer", Babbage is credited with inventing the first mechanical computer that eventually led to more complex electronic designs, though all the essential ideas of modern computers are to be found in Babbage's Analytical Engine. His varied work in other fields has led him to be described as "pre-eminent" among the many polymaths of his century.

Parts of Babbage's incomplete mechanisms are on display in the Science Museum in London. In 1991, a functioning difference engine was constructed from Babbage's original plans. Built to tolerances achievable in the 19th century, the success of the finished engine indicated that Babbage's machine would have worked.

IPO stands for Input, Output and Process.
As the name suggests, IPO cycle is the input and output after process of the data. To get output, u have to first give input and then the input needs to be processed to get your desired result,i.e. Output

SoC stands for system on a chip. This is a chip/integrated circuit that holds many components of a computer—usually the CPU (via a microprocessor or microcontroller), memory, input/output (I/O) ports and secondary storage—on a single substrate, such as silicon. A system on a chip, also known as an SoC, is essentially an integrated circuit or an IC that takes a single platform and integrates an entire electronic or computer system onto it. It is, exactly as its name suggests, an entire system on a single chip.

Decision tree is the most powerful and popular tool for classification and prediction. A Decision tree is a flowchart like tree structure, where each internal node denotes a test on an attribute, each branch represents an outcome of the test, and each leaf node (terminal node) holds a class label.

Primary memory is termed as destructive write memory because the memory stored in it is not permanent. Memory is only saved only during the working of the computer and after the work is completed, it gets erased with out the users command. Each time at the time if re-start it get cleared and refreshed

The computer as we know it today had its beginning with a 19th century English mathematics professor name Charles Babbage. A computer is called computer because it was originally a machine which took jobs of “computers”. ... Companies and governments used to hire “computers” to do arithmetic calculations. The origin of the word dates back to 1640s. Charles Babbage was a mathematician, philosopher, inventor and mechanical engineer, Babbage originated the concept of a digital programmable computer.

Computer is an advanced electronic device that takes raw data as input from the user and processes these data under the control of set of instructions (called program) and gives the result (output) and saves output for the future use. It can process both numerical and non-numerical (arithmetic and logical) calculations.

Software gives the instructions that tell the hardware what to do. There are two basic categories of software: operating systems and applications. Operating systems provide access to the computer hardware and make system resources available. Application software is designed to meet a specific goal.

Madam, or madame, is a polite and formal form of address for women, often contracted to ma'am. The term derives from the French madame; in French, ma dame literally means "my lady". In French, the abbreviation is "Mᵐᵉ" or "Mme" and the plural is mesdames. In the Supreme Court of the United States, the Supreme Court of Canada and the superior courts of Australia, rather than adopting the title Madam Justice for female justices, the title Mrs. Justice was replaced simply by Justice. Likewise, female presidents of the Republic of Ireland have preferred to be addressed simply as President in direct address, rather than Madam President. In the United Kingdom, female judges of the High Court of Justice of England and Wales are titled Mrs. Justice rather than Madam Justice, regardless of marital status; however, female District Judges are referred to as either Madam or Ma'am.[citation needed] Female judges of the High Court of Hong Kong and the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong are, however, titled Madam Justice.

The process of loading the system files of the operating system from the disk into the computer memory to complete the circuitry requirement of the computer system is called booting.

Types of Booting:
There are two types of booting:
• Cold Booting: If the computer is in off state and we boot the computer by pressing the power switch ‘ON’ from the CPU box then it is called as cold booting.
• Warm Booting: If the computer is already ‘ON’ and we restart it by pressing the ‘RESET’ button from the CPU box or CTRL, ALT and DEL key simultaneously from the keyboard then it is called warm booting.

Debugging is the process of detecting and removing of existing and potential errors (also called as 'bugs') in a software code that can cause it to behave unexpectedly or crash. To prevent incorrect operation of a software or system, debugging is used to find and resolve bugs or defects. Debug code is computer code introduced to a computer program to test for errors or to help determine the cause of an error. It can be as simple as an echo command to print the value of a variable at certain points of a program.

We have to find the sum n terms of the AP 2,4,6,...
Here a=2,d=4−2=2.
Therefore, Required sum Sn​=n/2 ​[2a+(n−1)d]=n/2 ​[2×2+(n−1)×2]
⇒S_n​=n[2+n−1]
⇒S_n​=n(n+1)                        ...(1)

Put n=20 in (1), we get
S₂₀​=20(20+1)=420

The process of defragmentation moves the data blocks on the hard drive around to bring all the parts of a file together. Defragmentation reduces file system fragmentation, increasing the efficiency of data retrieval and thereby improving the overall performance of the computer. When a program saves a file on a disk, it puts the file into an empty space on the disk. Disk defragmentation takes all the pieces of each file, and stores them in one place. ... It also makes sure programs are each in one place, and that unused space on the hard disk is all together.