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Gaurav Seth 3 years, 11 months ago

A process which under some conditions may take place by itself or by initiation independent of the rate is called spontaneous process.

A process which can take place by itself or has an urge or tendency to take place is called spontaneous process.

A spontaneous process is simply a process which is feasible.

The rate of the process may vary from extremely slow to extremely fast.

Examples of processes which take place by themselves :

1) Dissolution of common salt in water

2) Evaporation of water in an open vessel

 

A process which can neither take place by itself nor by initiation is called a non spontaneous process.

For Example

1) Flow of water up a hill

2) Flow of heat from cold body to a hot body

3) Diffusion of gas from low pressure to a high pressure

4) Dissolution of sand in water

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Ayush Jana 3 years, 11 months ago

The bond order of hpo3^2- is = ' 0 '
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Pk? . 3 years, 11 months ago

Hello bhai? kaise ho?? Yrr kaha tum bhi in faltu ke bakwas me phass jate ho...waise kal maine bahot miss kiya tumhe.....bhai jara apna syllabus batana for 1 st terminal.

Karandeep Sharma 3 years, 11 months ago

3 orbitals are required

First Name 3 years, 11 months ago

4 quantum numbers are there .
Principal quantum number : Denoted by n ,gives the number of shell
Azimuthal quantum number : Denoted by l, gives the account of subshell or orbital
Magnetic quantum number : Denoted by ml , states the sub -orbital
Magnetic quantum number : Denoted by ms, states the spin of electron

Yogita Ingle 3 years, 11 months ago

To designate an orbital n,l and m quantum numbers are required and s represents the (spin ) of the electron present in the orbital.

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Sia ? 3 years, 7 months ago

Enthalpy of combustion of a substance is the change in enthalpy produced when one mole of the substance is completely burnt in air or oxygen at a given temperature.
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Sia ? 3 years, 7 months ago

The enthalpy of vaporization, also known as the heat of vaporization or heat of evaporation, is the amount of energy that must be added to a liquid substance to transform a quantity of that substance into a gas. The enthalpy of vaporization is a function of the pressure at which that transformation takes place.
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<Input Type ="Text">Kamlesh 3 years, 11 months ago

Functional group is a function of a group - f(x)
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Varsha Baboria 3 years, 11 months ago

Silicate are mineral that contain silicon and oxygen and one or more other elements. Quartz is the silicates and is the most common mineral. Silicon and oxygen are the basic building blocks for most of the minerals on the Earth's crust and mantle.
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Paresh Purohit 3 years, 11 months ago

36.132 X 10²³ Atoms....
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Yogita Ingle 3 years, 11 months ago

Composition of Calcium Hydrogen Carbonate - C2H2CaO6

ElementS symbol Mass Percent Calcium Ca 24.7225%

Hydrogen H 1.2435%

Carbon C 14.8178%

Oxygen O 59.2162%

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Dεερακ Ȿιηɠꜧ 3 years, 11 months ago

$$VESPR- theory \ says\ that\ the \electrons\ arrange\ themselves\ at\ minimum\ repulsion\ $$
$$lone- pair-lone- pair. repulsion > lone -pair- electron- pair .repulsion> electron -pair- electron- pair. repulsion$$

Yogita Ingle 3 years, 11 months ago

The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory abbreviated as VSEPR theory is based on the premise that there is a repulsion between the pairs of valence electrons in all atoms, and the atoms will always tend to arrange themselves in a manner in which this electron pair repulsion is minimalized. This arrangement of the atom determines the geometry of the resulting molecule.

The different geometries that molecules can assume keeping with VSEPR theory can be seen in the illustration provided below.

VSEPR Theory – Different Geometries that Molecules can Assume

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Drashti Sanghvi 3 years, 7 months ago

solve equation by oxidation number method : p4 + no3^-1 gives po4^-3 + no2 oxidation no of p4 is 0, no3^-1 is 5, po4^-3 is 5 & no2 is 4 oxidation: p4 gives 4po4^-3 increases by 20 × 1 reduction :no3^-1 gives no2 decreases by 1 × 20 p4 gives 4po4^-3 20no3^-1 gives 20no2 p4 + 16h2o gives 4po4^-3 20no3^-1 gives 20no2 + 20h2o balanced equation is p4 + 20no3^-1 + 8h+ gives 4po4^-3 + 20no2 + 4h2o
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Yogita Ingle 3 years, 11 months ago

N2​O is more polar than CO2​. This is because CO2​ is linear and symmetrical. Its net dipole moment is zero (O=←C=→O).N2​O is linear but symmetrical. It is considered as a resonance hybrid of the following two structures
:N..=N+=O:..↔:N≡N+=..O:..​−​
It has a net dipole moment of 0.116D.

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Yogita Ingle 3 years, 11 months ago

 Due to the stable configuration, they do not accept an electron and hence they have large positive electron gain enthalpy.  

An electron has to enter the next higher principal quantum level which leads to a very unstable electronic configuration.

Dεερακ Ȿιηɠꜧ 3 years, 11 months ago

Noble Gases have a full filled orbital in their last shell, they have a very stable electronic configuration, they don't need any extra electron.
An electron has to enter the next higher principal quantum level which leads to a very unstable electronic configuration.
by taking electron thair energy will be increased, but all atom wants to live in their least energy state...<hr>
very short answer it is difficult to add an extra electron due to stable electronic configuration. so it needs energy to do so.
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Dεερακ Ȿιηɠꜧ 3 years, 11 months ago

Oh! to app 6 baje soti ho , or 3 baje uthti ho ??

Dεερακ Ȿιηɠꜧ 3 years, 11 months ago

$$\textsf{Vese aap itna kyo jagti ho, this is not a good way to study }$$

Dεερακ Ȿιηɠꜧ 3 years, 11 months ago

$$\texttt{scroll to see, full }$$ $$\textfrak{*sp_{3} }$$

Dεερακ Ȿιηɠꜧ 3 years, 11 months ago

$$\mathfrak{Because\ 'p' \ subshell \ has\ only \ 3\ orbital\ which\ get\ completed \ in \sp-{3}\ hybridization\. }$$
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Dεερακ Ȿιηɠꜧ 3 years, 11 months ago

$$CH_{4(g)}+2O_{2(g)} \overset{\Delta}{\longrightarrow} CO_{2(g)} + 2 H_{2} O_{(l)}$$ ✓✓

Dεερακ Ȿιηɠꜧ 3 years, 11 months ago

$$CH_{4(s)} + O_{2(g)} \longmapsto CO_{2(g)} + 2H_{2(g)}$$

Dεερακ Ȿιηɠꜧ 3 years, 11 months ago

22g of Carbon dioxide contain ½mole of Carbon so you need ½mole carbon in methon
$$CH4 +O2 → CO2 + 2H2$$
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Dεερακ Ȿιηɠꜧ 3 years, 11 months ago

Gazab ???? 2nd book start ho gaya aapka ??
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?​?​?​?​?​?​ ?? 3 years, 11 months ago

Ha moti.. ???

Gaurav Seth 3 years, 11 months ago

1) All the alkali metals are highly reactive elements since have a strong tendency to lose the single valence s-electron to form uni positive ions having inert gas configuration.

2) This reactivity arises due to their low ionisation enthalpies and high negative values of their standard electrode potential.

3) Due to their strong tendency to lose the single valence electron ,alkali metals also act as a strong reducing agents. Reactivity of an element is measured in terms of its reducing character.

4) Ionization enthalpy is a measure of the tendency of an atom to lose electrons in the gaseous state.Thus, lower the ionization enthalpy, greater is the tendency of an element to lose electron and hence stronger is the reducing character or higher is the reactivity of the element.

5)The ionization enthalpies of alkali metal decreases down the group, therefore, their reducing character or reactivity in the gaseous state increases from Li to Cs , i.e. Li< Na< K< Rb<Cs.

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Dεερακ Ȿιηɠꜧ 3 years, 11 months ago

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