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Yogita Ingle 3 years, 11 months ago
A molecule is defined as the smallest unit of a compound that contains the chemical properties of the compound. Molecules are made up of groups of atoms. Describing the structure of an atom, an atom is also sub-divided into smaller units. Protons, electrons, and neutrons are sub-particles of an atom. The protons and neutrons are contained inside the nucleus of the atom and electrons revolve around the nucleus.
Protons are positively charged particles whereas electrons are negatively charged particles. Neutrons do not carry any charge. So we can say that the nucleus is positively charged due to the presence of protons. The nucleus is a bulk mass at the centre of an atom. Atoms are largely vacant.
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Yogita Ingle 3 years, 11 months ago
The third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a perfect crystal at a temperature of zero Kelvin (absolute zero) is equal to zero.
Entropy, denoted by ‘S’, is a measure of the disorder/randomness in a closed system. It is directly related to the number of microstates (a fixed microscopic state that can be occupied by a system) accessible by the system, i.e. the greater the number of microstates the closed system can occupy, the greater its entropy. The microstate in which the energy of the system is at its minimum is called the ground state of the system.
At a temperature of zero Kelvin, the following phenomena can be observed in a closed system:
- The system does not contain any heat.
- All the atoms and molecules in the system are at their lowest energy points.
Therefore, a system at absolute zero has only one accessible microstate – it’s ground state. As per the third law of thermodynamics, the entropy of such a system is exactly zero.
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Yogita Ingle 3 years, 11 months ago
Isoelectronic species: These are those species which have the same number of electrons.They are the ions of different elements which have same number of electrons but differ from one another in magnitude of nuclear charge.
Examples of isoelectronic species with 10 electrons:N3-,O2-,F-
Ranger King 3 years, 11 months ago
Posted by Ranger King 3 years, 11 months ago
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Gaurav Seth 3 years, 11 months ago
Diamagnetic means the atoms or molecules has no unpaired electrons or spins. Hence, that substance does not get attracted to magnetic field when placed in it.
For example, Cl-, N2
Paramagnetic means the atoms or molecules has one or more unpaired electrons or spins. Hence, that substance gets attracted to magnetic field when placed in it.
For example, O2
Posted by Aditya Kumar 3 years, 11 months ago
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Gaurav Seth 3 years, 11 months ago
The goal of alchemy was to find a mythical and magical substance called “philosopher’s stone” not a literal stone but wax, liquid or powder with magical power, which on heating with a base, iron and copper metals would turn into gold, the purest form of matter which would bring wealth, health and immortality.
Posted by Priyanshu Kumar 3 years, 11 months ago
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(1) When the electron jumps from energy level higher than n=1 ie. n=2,3,4,5,6 ….to n=1 energy level, the group of lines produced is called lyman series. These lines lie in the ultraviolet region.
(2) The group of lines produced when the electron jumps from 3rd, 4th ,5th or any higher energy level to 2nd energy level, is called Balmer series. These lines lie in the visible region.
Posted by Royal Thakur ? 3 years, 11 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 3 years, 11 months ago
In this triple bond is present between carbon atoms (C C bond).The hybridisation is sp and the general formula involved is CnH2n -2.
- The lowest member of alkynes is: simplest compound that is CH CH (ethyne).
- The common name of it is acetylene.
- It has high Bond dissociation energy, as there is triple bond present therefore the energy is high of the order 823 KJ/mol.
- Due to this reason the acetylene is mixed with O2 and the flame is used for welding purpose.
Posted by Royal Thakur ? 3 years, 11 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 3 years, 11 months ago
The structure of the alcohol functional group is R−OH. Aldehyde is the functional group in which one alkyl group is bonded to the carbonyl atom. The structure of the aldehyde functional group is –CHO.
Posted by Jageshwar Prasad Sahu 3 years, 11 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 3 years, 11 months ago
(i) If Kc > 103, products predominates over reactants i.e; if Kc is very large, the reaction proceeds nearly to completion.
(ii) If Kc < 10-3, reactants predominates over products i.e; if Kc is very small, the reaction proceeds rarely.
(iii) If Kc is in the range of 10-3 to 103, appreciable concentration of both reactants and products are present.
Gaurav Seth 3 years, 11 months ago
(i) If Kc > 103, products predominates over reactants i.e; if Kc is very large, the reaction proceeds nearly to completion.
(ii) If Kc < 10-3, reactants predominates over products i.e; if Kc is very small, the reaction proceeds rarely.
(iii) If Kc is in the range of 10-3 to 103, appreciable concentration of both reactants and products are present.
Posted by ?Ritesh Gupta☺️ 3 years, 11 months ago
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Ranger King 3 years, 11 months ago
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Alkanes
Alkanes are saturated, open chain hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon single bonds. e.g., methane (CH4), ethane (C4H6) propane (C3H8), etc.
These hydrocarbons are inert under normal conditions [i.e.,do not react with acids. bases and other reagents). Hence, they were earlier known 88 paraffins (Latin : parum-little; affins-affinity)
Alkanes exhibit chain isomensm, position isomerism and conformational isomerism.
Posted by Aadya Singh 3 years, 11 months ago
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Ranger King 3 years, 11 months ago
Posted by Aadya Singh 3 years, 11 months ago
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Diffusion is a phenomenon where there is a movement of one material move from area of high concentration to the area of low concentration. This means particles or molecules spread through medium. For example, if you spray at the one end of the room you would be able to smell at the other end. This is because of diffusion phenomenon.
Ranger King 3 years, 11 months ago
Posted by सत्य सनातन? 3 years, 11 months ago
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Ranger King 3 years, 11 months ago
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molecular formula of methane = CH4
we know,
atomic mass of C = 12 g/mol
atomic mass of H = 1 g/mol
so,
molecular mass of CH4 =( 12 + 4 × 1 ) g/mol = 16 g/mol
also we know,
no of molecule = {given weight /molecular weight } × 6.023 × 10²³
here,
given weight = 16 g
molecular weight = 16 g/mol
so,
no of molecules = ( 16/16) × 6.023 × 10²³
= 6.023 × 10²³
Posted by Aadya Singh 3 years, 11 months ago
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Posted by Aadya Singh 3 years, 11 months ago
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Aadya Singh 3 years, 11 months ago
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Enthalpy is the measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system. The quantity of enthalpy equals to the total content of heat of a system, equivalent to the system’s internal energy plus the product of volume and pressure.
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Yogita Ingle 3 years, 11 months ago
We can explain the paramagnetic nature of oxygen molecule by molecular orbital theory.
When you draw molecular orbital diagram of O2
we can see there are two unpaired electrons are present in the last molecular orbital which shows us that it is paramagnetic in nature.
Posted by Sandeep Kaur 3 years, 11 months ago
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Sakshi Chouhan 3 years, 11 months ago
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Gaurav Seth 3 years, 11 months ago
Among molecule the energy required to break the first N-H bond and other N-H bond is not same" is true.
The reason for this is -
- Dissociation energy for the bond of that is of N-H and species gets decreased in its value.
- This means that the breaking of first N-H bond of ammonia molecule during dissociation requires more energy or the highest energy among all the further dissociation.
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