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Yogita Ingle 7 years ago
- Bond order is inversely proportional to the bond length and directly proportional to the dissociation energy.
- The greater the order of the bond, the greater is the stability of molecules.
- The greater the order of the bond, the shorter is the length of the bond.
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Yogita Ingle 7 years ago
Water gas shift reaction involves water vapor reaction with carbon monoxide to give carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas. The reaction is
CO + H2O → CO2 + H2
Felice Fontana discovered this water gas shift reaction in 1780. It was made in England in the year 1828. The water gas was produced by blowing steam through red hot coke, the reaction is
C + H2O → CO + H2
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Yogita Ingle 7 years ago
When electrons occupy the vacant space of anions due to presence of excess of metal ions, are called F-centres. They impart colour to the compound and increase electrical conductivity.
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Yogita Ingle 7 years ago
The reactant that is entirely used up in a reaction is called as limiting reagent. This reactant generally determines when the reaction will stop. The exact amount of reactant which will be needed to react with another element can be calculated from the reaction stoichiometry.
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Yogita Ingle 7 years ago
- Molarity (M) can be defined as the ratio of number of moles of solute to the volume of solution in liter.
- It can also be defined as the number of moles of solute present in unit litre or cubic decimeter of solution.
- It is function of temperature due to the dependence of volume on temperature whereas Mass %, ppm, mole fraction and molality are independent of temperature because mass does not depend on temperature.
- Mathematically, Molarity = Moles of Solute / Volume of Solution in Litre
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Yogita Ingle 7 years ago
Law of conservation of Mass
This is a principle used in analysis of chemical reactions.
- A chemical reaction is basically a rearrangement of atoms among different molecules.
- If the total binding energy of the reacting molecules is less than the total binding energy of the product molecules, the difference appears as heat and the reaction is exothermic.
- The opposite is true for energy absorbing (endothermic) reactions.
- Since the atoms are merely rearranged but not destroyed, the total mass of the reactants is the same as the total mass of the products in a chemical reaction.
- Mass is related to energy through Einstein theory,
E = mc2, c – speed of light in vacuum
Posted by Krishna Biala 7 years ago
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Yogita Ingle 7 years ago
- Dalton’s law of partial pressure states that the total pressure of a mixture of ideal gases is the sum of partial pressures.
- Consider if there are several ideal gases mixed together in a vessel,then the total pressure of that vessel is equal to sum of partial pressure.
- Partial pressure is the pressure exerted by a particular gas if only that gas is present in the vessel.
- For example: -
- Consider if in a vessel there is a mixture of 3 gases, A,B and C.So the partial pressure of A is equal to pressure exerted only by Aand considering B and C are not present.
- Similarly partial pressure of B is equal to the pressure exerted only by B and considering A and C are not there.
- Similarly for C.
- According to Dalton’s law the total pressure of mixture is sum of partial pressure of A, partial pressure of B and partial pressure of C.
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Yogita Ingle 7 years ago
Isothermal process is one in which Temperature remains constant throughout.
Similarily, Isobaric means pressure remains constant and isochoric means volume remains constant.
Sudarshan Sharma 7 years ago
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Yogita Ingle 7 years ago
A substance's solubility product, Ksp, is the mathematical product of its dissolved ion concentrations with each concentration raised to the power of their stoichiometric coefficients.
For example the solubility product of ionic compound Ag2S is
Ksp =[Ag+]2[S-2]
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