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Riya Shekhawat❤️ 5 years, 10 months ago
Riya Shekhawat❤️ 5 years, 10 months ago
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Prem Kumar Warner 5 years, 10 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 10 months ago
Aromatization is the conversion of a nonaromatic hydrocarbon to an aromatic hydrocarbon.
There are four common methods of aromatization.
1. Dehydrogenation of naphthenes
Naphthenes are a class of cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. They have the general formula <mathjax>CnH2n</mathjax>. The simplest naphthene is cyclohexane, C₆H₁₂. Catalytic dehydrogenation converts it to benzene.
C₆H₁₂ → C₆H₆ + 3H₂
2. Dehydroisomerization of naphthenes
Methylcyclopentane, C₆H₁₂, is catalytically isomerized and dehydrogenated to form benzene.
C₅H₉CH₃ → C₆H₆ + 3H₂
3. Dehydrocyclization of aliphatic hydrocarbons
Heptane is catalytically converted to toluene.
C₇H₁₆ → C₆H₅CH₃ + 4H₂
Small amounts of platinum on acidified alumina accomplish reactions (1), (2), and (3) readily.
4. Condensation of hydrocarbons
Propane is catalytically converted to benzene during the cracking of petroleum at 600-800 °C.
3C₃H₈ → C₆H₆ + 3CH₄ + 3H₂
Posted by P F 5 years, 10 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 10 months ago
We know atomic number(z) = no of protons = no of electrons
Also mass number(A) = no of protons + no of neutrons
136C:
Here mass number = 13
Atomic number = Number of protons = 6
Number of neutrons = (mass number) – (Atomic number)
= 13 – 6 = 7
8O16:
Here mass number = 16
Atomic number = 8 Number of protons = 8 Number of neutrons = (mass number) – (Atomic number)
= 16 – 8 = 8
12Mg24:
Here Mass number = 24
Atomic number = Number of protons = 12
Number of neutrons = (mass number) – (Atomic number)
= 24 – 12 = 12
26Fe56:
Here mass number = 56
Atomic number = Number of protons = 26
Number of neutrons = (mass number ) – (Atomic number)
= 56 – 26 = 30
38Sr88:
Here mass number = 88
Atomic number = Number of protons = 38
Number of neutrons = (mass number) – (Atomic number)
= 88 – 38 = 50
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Shagun Sharma 5 years, 10 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 10 months ago
Pauli’s exclusion Principle
According to it: “no two electrons can have the same set of all four quantum numbers.”
Or, it states that an orbital can have maximum of two electrons and that must be of opposite spin. Due to this, it was concluded that an orbital can have maximum of two electrons which can have all 3-quantum number same but the spin will be definitely different.
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 10 months ago
The Sulphide ion test is the most common test that is used for checking any bacterial contamination in drinking water. Since even a small concentration of sulphide ion (0.01 mg/L) in the water makes it unfit for culture and consumption, it is important to check and test the presence of sulphide ion because it is very poisonous.
The simple and most common sulphide test is as follows:-
The water which has to be tested is filled in a test tube and a strip of H₂S is placed inside the tube. This test tube is then incubated for up to 14 - 16 hours at a temperature of 35°C. In case the strip turns into black, it indicates the presence of sulphide ion in the water and therefore, it is considered unsafe and unfit for consumption.
Kavi Sharma 5 years, 10 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 10 months ago
Because of the presence of unpaired odd electron which is susceptible to undergo reaction. So it dimerise and form N2O4. In NO2 structure there is an unpaired electron left on Nitrogen atom, so it is reactive it dimerises to pair up its electron and gains stability as N2O4.
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Yash Agarwal 5 years, 10 months ago
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