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Yogita Ingle 7 years, 1 month ago
Normally the symbol A is used to represent the amplitude of a wave. The SI unit of amplitude is the metre (m). The amplitude of a wave is the maximum disturbance or displacement of the medium from the equilibrium (rest) position.
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Yogita Ingle 7 years, 1 month ago
- Matter is defined as that which has mass and occupies space. It is indeed made of particles.
- Space is that which is occupied by matter. So, any definition of space exists only if there is matter.
- All matter is particulate in nature. This means there are spaces which has no matter between the bits of matter. This is called the atomic nature of matter."
Posted by Saumya Shukla 7 years, 1 month ago
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Yogita Ingle 7 years, 1 month ago
Temperature has a direct effect on whether a substance exists as a solid, liquid or gas. Generally, increasing the temperature turns solids into liquids and liquids into gases; reducing it turns gases into liquids and liquids into solids.
The particles break kinetic energy and expand. Increase in temperature also increases solublity.
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Posted by Sheela Sharma 7 years, 1 month ago
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Yogita Ingle 7 years, 1 month ago
Laws of conservation of mass
The law states that mass can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction i.e. Total masses of reactants is equal to the sum of masses of products and the masses of unreacted reactants. For instance, the reaction of carbon with oxygen to produce carbon-dioxide involves conservation of mass in the following way.
C (12g) + O2 (32g) = CO2 (44g)
Here we used 12 g of carbon and 32 g of oxygen. After reaction the amount of carbon –dioxide produced will be 44g i.e. the sum total of the amount of carbon and oxygen used.
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Yogita Ingle 7 years, 1 month ago
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.
Component of the solution : A solution has two components. The component of a solution that is present in larger quantity is called the solvent and the component present in smaller quantity is called as solute.
Solvent +Solute = Solution
Example: Tincture Iodine. In tincture of iodine, the iodine is the solute and alcohol is the solvent.
Types of Solutions based on Concentration:
Saturated solution: A solution which will not dissolve anymore solute is called a saturated solution.
Unsaturated solution : A solution in which more of the solute will dissolve is called an unsaturated solution.
Thus in order to convert a saturated solution into an un-saturated solution is by dilution process.
On dilution the concentration of solution decreases thus it requires more salt to be added to it to make it as saturated solution.
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Proof for Law of Conservation of Energy:Considering the potential energy at the surface of the earth to be zero. Let us see an example of a fruit falling from a tree. Consider a point A, which is at some height ‘H’ from the ground on the tree, the velocity of the fruit is zero hence potential energy is maximum there. E = mgH ———- (1) When the fruit is falling, its potential energy is decreasing and kinetic energy is increasing. At point B, which is near the bottom of the tree, the fruit is falling freely under gravity and is at a height X from the ground, and it has a speed as it reaches point B. So, at this point it will have both kinetic and potential energy. E = K.E + P.E P.E = mgX ——— (2) According to third equation of motion, v2=2g(H–X)⇒12mv2=12m.2g(H–X)⇒K.E=12m.2g(H–X)⇒K.E=mg(H–X) K.E=mg(H-X)——– (3) Using (1), (2) and (3) E = mg(H – X) + mgX E = mg(H – X + X) E = mgH Similarly, if we see the energy at point C which is at the bottom of the tree, it will come out to be mgH. We can see as the fruit is falling to the bottom and here, potential energy is getting converted into kinetic energy. So there must be a point where kinetic energy becomes equal to potential energy. Suppose we need to find that height ‘x’ from the ground. We know that at that point, K.E = P.E => P.E = K.E = E2 ——– (4) E2 is the new energy Where, E = mgH2 H2 is the new height. As the body is at height X from the ground, P.E = mgX ——— (5) Using (4) and (5) we get, mgX=mgH2⇒X=H2 H2 is referred to the new height |
Shalu Kumari 7 years, 1 month ago
Posted by Aashish Raj 7 years, 1 month ago
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Gaurav Seth 7 years, 1 month ago
Law of conservation of momentum states that when two objects collide with each other , the sum of their linear momentum always remains same or we can say conserved and is not effected by any action, reaction only in case is no external unbalanced force is applied on the bodies.
DERIVING THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM-
Let,
mA = Mass of ball A
mB= Mass of ball Ba
uA= initial velocity of ball A
uB= initial velocity of ball B
vA= Velocity after collision of ball A
vB= Velocity after collision of ball B
Fab= Force exerted by A on B
Fba= Force exerted by B on A
Now,
Change in momentum of A= momentum of A after collision - momentum of A before collision
= mA vA - mA uA
Rate of change of momentum A= Change in momentum of A/ time taken
= mA vA - mA uA/t
Force exerted by B on A (Fba)=
Fba= mA vA - mA uA/t. [i]
In the same way,
Rate of change of momentum of B=
mV vB - mB uB/t
Force exerted by A on B (Fab)=
Fab= mB vB - mB uB/t. [ii]
Newton's third law of motion states that every action has an equal and opposite reaction, then,
Fab= -Fba [ ' -- ' sign is used to indicate that 1 object is moving in opposite direction after collision]
Using [i] and [ii] , we have
mB vB - mB uB/t = - (mA vA - mA uA/t)
mB vB - mB uB= - mA vA + mA uA
Finally we get,
mB vB + mA vA = mB uB + mA uA
This is the derivation of conservation of linear momentum.
Posted by Sangita???? Ankita 7 years, 1 month ago
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Gaurav Seth 7 years, 1 month ago
| Meaning | The movement of liquid (solvent) especially water from the higher region concentration to the region of lower concentration, through the semipermeable membrane is called osmosis. | The movement of molecules (solid, liquid or gases) from a region of higher concentration to the lower region concentration, but not necessarily through a semi-permeable membrane is called diffusion. |
| Semi-permeable membrane | The motion is through the semi-permeable membrane. | The motion is direct and does not require the semi-permeable membrane. |
| Medium | This process undertakes in the liquid medium. | This process undertakes in any medium (solid, liquid and gases). |
| Type of diffusing molecule | The movement is basically of solvent (water). | The movement can be in solid, liquid, or gases. |
| Rate of process | Osmosis is a slow process. | Diffusion is the fast process. |
| Free-energy | Osmosis is dependent on one solvent to the another for the reduction of free energy. | It is the movement of molecules from the area of their higher free energy to the area of the lower free energy. |
| Importance | 1. Osmosis is important in animals for maintaining the water at the cellular level, also in transporting the nutrients, cell-cell diffusion. 2. In plants, it is helpful in maintaining the turgidity, provides mechanical support, prevents excess water loss, and responsible for absorption of water from the soil. |
Diffusion is important in animals at the time of creating energy, during respiration it helps in exchange of gases, while in plants it is also helpful in the process of transpiration and photosynthesis. |
Naman Dhandharia 7 years, 1 month ago

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Rahul Jha 7 years, 1 month ago
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