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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 8 months ago
Joule and erg are the units which can be also used to express energy. We can find the conversion factor by using dimensional analysis or by units. For direct calculation 1 Joule = 107 ergs
Posted by Vikas Sharma 5 years, 8 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 7 months ago
Certain conventions are followed while writing the scientific names:
1. The name of the genus begins with a capital letter.
2. The name of the species begins with a small letter.
3. When printed, the scientific name is given in italics.
4. When written by hand, the genus name and the species name have to be underlined separately.
Posted by Vikas Sharma 5 years, 8 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 8 months ago
| Xylem | Phloem |
| Xylem tissues are tubular shaped structure, with the absence of cross walls. This tissue resembles the shape of a star. | Phloem tissues are elongated, tubular shaped structures that include thin sieve tubes with walls. |
| Xylem occupies the centre of the vascular bundle. | Phloem is located on the outer side of the vascular bundle. |
| Xylem fibres are smaller. | Phloem fibres are larger. |
| They are present in leaves, stems, and roots. | They are present in leaves, roots, stems but transports and grow in fruits seeds and roots. |
| These tissues move in a Unidirectional. (only in one direction – upward direction) | These tissues move in a Bidirectional. (both ways – up and down) |
| They live with hollow dead cells. | They live with cytoplasm without the nucleus. |
| The total amount of xylem tissue is more. | The total amount of phloem tissue is less. |
| It consists of tracheids, vessel elements, xylem parenchyma, xylem sclerenchyma and xylem fibres. | It consists of four elements: sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibres, bast fibres, intermediary cells and the phloem parenchyma |
Posted by Jessica Kaur 5 years, 8 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 8 months ago
G is called a universal constant because its value does not depend on the nature of intervening medium or temperature or any other physical variable.
S.I. unit of G = Nm2/kg2
Value of G = 6.673 × 10–11 Nm2/kg2
Posted by Jessica Kaur 5 years, 8 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 8 months ago
The cells of nervous tissue are highly specialized and the cells of this tissue are called nerve cells or neurons.
- Nervous tissue stimulates and transmits the stimulus very rapidly from one place to another within the body.
- The brain, spinal cord and nerves are composed of the nervous tissue.
Posted by Rehan Saddiqui 5 years, 8 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 7 months ago
Varieties or strains of crops can be selected by breeding for various useful characteristics such as disease resistance, response to fertilizers, product quality and high yields. Crop variety improvement is the manipulation of crop plants for increasing their yield and improving quality.
Some of the factors for which variety improvement is done are:
• Higher yield: The main aim of crop improvement is to improve the productivity of the crop per acre.
• Improved quality: Quality considerations of crop products vary from crop to crop like baking quality is important in wheat, protein quality in pulses, oil quality in oilseeds and preserving quality in fruits and vegetables.
Fertilizers are commercially produced plant nutrient that enriches the soil fertility and increases the crop yield. They supply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. They are used to ensure good vegetative growth (leaves, branches and flowers), giving rise to healthy plants but they should be applied carefully in terms of proper dose, time, and observing pre-and post-application precautions for their complete utilisation. For example, sometimes fertilizers get washed away due to excessive irrigation and are not fully absorbed by the plants. This excess fertilizer then leads to water pollution.
Continuous use of fertilizers in an area can destroy soil fertility because the organic matter in the soil is not replenished and micro-organisms in the soil are harmed by the fertilizers used.
Posted by Himanshu Sagwaliya 5 years, 8 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 8 months ago
The Universal Law of gravitation was coined by Sir Issac Newton.
Posted by Shalish Singhal 5 years, 8 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 8 months ago
Meristematic cells divide frequently and give rise to new cells and hence they need dense cytoplasm and thin cell wall. Vacuoles causes hindrance in cell division as it is full of cell sap to provide turgidity and rigidity to the cell. Also vacuoles basically serve the purpose of storing of nutrients, excess salts etc. Meristematic cells do not need to store these nutrients as they have compact shape.
Posted by Dipanshu Bisht 5 years, 8 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 8 months ago
Soil is the uppermost layer of landmass of the Earth. It is a life supporting medium, in which plants can grow. It is soft and porous in nature and contains enough nutrients and water for the growth of plants.Most of the landmass of the Earth is not covered with soil.
Soil has been formed from the parent rock material over millions of years. This process by which soil formation takes place is called weathering. So, Weathering is a very slow and gradual process during which parent rock material breaks down into fine particles.
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 8 months ago
The word “Gymnosperm” comes from the Greek words “gymnos”(naked) and “sperma”(seed), hence known as “Naked seeds.” Gymnosperms are the seed-producing plants, but unlike angiosperms, they produce seeds without fruits. These plants develop on the surface of scales or leaves, or at the end of stalks forming a cone-like structure.
Gymnosperms belong to kingdom ‘Plantae‘ and sub-kingdom ‘Embryophyta’. The fossil evidence suggested that they originated during the Paleozoic era, about 390 million years ago. They can be represented by 900 species.
Basically, gymnosperms are plants in which the ovules are not enclosed within the ovary wall, unlike the angiosperms. It remains exposed before and after fertilization, and before developing into a seed. The stem of gymnosperms can be branched or unbranched. The thick cuticle, needle-like leaves, and sunken stomata reduce the rate of water loss in these plants.
The family of gymnosperms consist of conifers, the cycads, the gnetophytes, and the species of Gynkgophyta division and Ginkgo biloba.
Posted by Jodhabhai Choudhury 5 years, 8 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 8 months ago
A body is to be moved with a constant velocity. So, its velocity should not change.
When velocity does not change, acceleration is zero.
Now, according to Newton's second law, F = ma
If there is no acceleration, then there is no force required, F = m×0 = 0
Hence, no force is required to move an object with constant velocity.
Posted by Vikas Sharma 5 years, 8 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 7 months ago
The five kingdoms proposed by Whittaker are Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia. Carl Woese further divided Monera into Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.
Kingdom Monera is the first of the five kingdoms of biological classification. It comprised most organisms with a prokaryotic cell organization. For this reason the kingdom was sometimes called Prokaryota or Prokaryotae.
Characteristics of Kingdom Monera:
(i) Kingdom Monera are one-celled without an organized nucleus. Examples: bacteria and blue-green "algae."
(ii) They are found in almost every imaginable habitat; in air, soil, and water and in extreme temperatures and harsh chemical environments.
(iii) There are no membrane bound "organelles".
(iv) Reproduction by asexual method.
(v) Monerans show either autotrophic or heterotrophic nutrition.
(vi) Cell wall may be present or absent.
Posted by Gaurav Agarkar 5 years, 8 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 8 months ago
The mass of a proton is 1.6726219 × 10-27 kilograms
Protons are positively charged particles, electrons are negatively charged and neutrons have no charge. In an atom the number of protons and electrons are equal. Thus an atom is electrically neutral in nature.
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Vikas Sharma 5 years, 8 months ago
Yogita Ingle 5 years, 8 months ago
A quantity which has only magnitude but no direction is known as a scalar quantity.
Work is done only when a force produces motion.And it is the product of the force exerted on the the body and the distance moved by the body in the direction of force.
i.e. W =F.s
Work is actually the scalar product of force and displacement and hence is a scalar quantity.
W =F.s
i.e. W = Fs cos θ
where F is the force, s the displacement and θ the angle between force and displacement. According to the angle θ, work can be positive, negative, or zero.
Work is the outcome of the force and displacement caused by the body.
Force and displacement are vector quantities (they have both magnitude and direction) and the dot product of two vector quantites always gives a scalar quantity. So work has only magnitude but not direction.
Posted by Anurag Singh 5 years, 8 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 8 months ago
(i) It makes the systematic study of wide variety of organisms easier.
(ii) It gives interrelationship amongst different group of organisms.
(iii) It gives an idea about existing life forms on earth
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 8 months ago
One of the main differences between plants and fungi is that fungi have chitin as a component of their cell walls instead of cellulose. Both chitin and cellulose are comprised of polysaccharide chains. In plants the monomer in this chain is glucose and in fungi it is a modified form of glucose called N-acetylglucosamine. Another contrast between plants and fungi is the presence of chlorophyll in plants and not in fungi. Fungi absorb all the nutrients they need from the soil unlike plants which require chlorophyll to conduct photosynthesis.
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